Elbow/Forearm/Hand Anatomy Flashcards
What is the name for the obvious bony prominence that makes up the majority of the elbow?
What bone does it belong to?
Olecranon
Ulna
In the forearm what bone is most lateral?
Radius more lateral than ulna
Radius runs with thumb
ANTERIOR of forearm
Go to kenhub and revise all the muscles of the anterior forearm
What innervates them?
Is it flexor digitorum profundus or superficialis that goes all the way to the DIP joints?
All medial nerve apart from:
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum profundus - ulnar half
^^ ulnar nerve - link to U in muscles
Digitorum profundus goes to DIP joints
What nerve runs through the carpal tunnel that when supressed can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome?
What else is found in the carpal tunnel?
What fingers does this nerve innervate?
How can pain be relieved surgically ?
Median nerve
F. digitorum superficalis (x4)
F. digitorum profundus (x4)
F. pollicis longus (x1)
Thumb and radial 2 1/2 fingers palmar
Dorsal of 2 1/2 radial fingers
Cut the transverse carpal ligament
Go to kenhub and revise the posterior muscles of the forearm
What nerve innervates?
Radial nerve
How does pronation occur?
Radius moves over ulna
What is the larger bone at the wrist?
Radius
Name the 8 carpal bones in order (use the mnemonic)
What of these is most commonly fractured?
So long to the pinky
Here comes the thumb
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Scaphoid
Define the borders of the anatomical snuffbox
What runs within it?
V COMMON EXAM Q
Tendons of EPL
Tendons of APL + EPB
Styloid process of radius
Superficial radial nerve
Radial artery
Where do the extrinsic/intrinsic muscles of the hand originate from?
What is their role?
Extrinsic - forearm - strength
Intrinsic - hand itself - finer movements
What muscle is responsible for moving the DIP joints?
What muscle is responsible for moving the PIP joints?
DIP - flexor digitorium profundus (FDP)
PIP - flexor digitorum superficalis (FDS)
All intrinsic muscles of the hand are innervated by the ulnar nerve apart from what muscles?
What innervates them instead?
Median nerve
2 LOAF
2 Lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
What is the 1st metacarpal joint?
The thumb
What nerve can be found in the cubital fossa?
Median
What nerve is found in the cubital tunnel?
Ulnar nerve
Describe the arterial supply of the arm
easier to draw out
1) Subclavian
- lateral aspect of rib 1 -
2) Axillary
- inferior border of teres major-
3) Brachial
4a) Radial 4b) Ulnar
5a) Deep palmar 5b) Superficial palmar
Deep veins follow the same pattern as arteries in the upper limb. True or false?
True
Both the basilic and cephalic veins arise from the dorsum of the hand. For each of these veins state on what side of the upper limb they run and where they drain into.
Cephalic - radial - axillary (Ceph = seff = rad)
Basilic - ulnar - brachial (2 B’s)
What vein is used for venepuncture?
What is this an anastomose of?
Medial cubital vein
Basilic and cephalic
What part of the humerus does the ulna articulate with?
What part of the humerus does the radius articulate with?
Trochlea - ulna
Capitulum - radius
Memory aid
- Radius has circle at head where it articulates with humerus
- Capital at centre of circle
- Radius = capitulum
What joints exist within the elbow?
What type of joint is each
Humeroulnar - hinge
Humeroradial/ radiocapitallar - ball n socket (acts like a pivot due to anular ligament)
Proximal radioulnar - pivot
Answer each of the following regarding ligaments:
- What ligament supports and holds the radius to the ulna?
- What is the name for the triangular shaped ligament found on medial side of the elbow?
- What is the name for the ligament found on the lateral side of the elbow?
Label on Onenote
- Anular
- Ulnar collateral ligament
- Radial collateral ligament
What muscles are responsible for the following movements of the elbow:
- Extension
- Flexion
- Supination
- Pronation
Extension - triceps
Flexion - brachialis and biceps brachii
Supination - supinator and bicpes brachii
Pronation - pronator quadratus + pronator teres
What are the epicondyles of the humerus?
Widest projections of humerus most distally (at the elbow joint)
What movement occurs at the radiocapitallar joint?
Supination/pronation
What carpal bone is a seasmoid bone found in the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Pisiform
