Bone Tumours

Question 1

What is most common primary or metastatic bone cancer?

Answer 1

Metastatic

Question 2

What is the most common benign bone tumour and describe it?

Answer 2

Osteochondroma - bony outgrowth with a cartilaginous cap

Can cause localised pain

Question 3

What benign bone tumours can cause pain?

What tumour is characterised by constant intense pain which worsens at night and is greatly relieved by NSAIDS?

Answer 3

Aneurysmal bone cyst
Fibrous dysplasia
Osteoid osteoma 
Giant cell tumours
Osteochondroma

Osteoid osteoma

Question 4

What benign bone tumours can cause pathological fractures?

What ones would likely present asymptomatically up until that point?

Answer 4

Enchondroma
Bone cysts

Simple bone cysts
Enchondroma

Question 5

What are simple bone cysts also known as?

Answer 5

Unicameral bone cysts

Question 6

What tumour appears as soap bubble on XR?

Where is this tumour most commonly found?

Answer 6

Giant cell tumour

Knee and distal radius

Question 7

What 2 benign bone tumours are mostly likely to present in adolescene?

Answer 7

Fibrous dysplasia

Osteoid osteoma

Question 8

What bone tumour is associated with subacute osteomyelitis?

Answer 8

Brodie’s abscess

Question 9

What bone tumour is associated with hyperparathryoidism?

Answer 9

Brown’s tumour

Question 10

What is fibrous dysplasia?

What is typical of the bone in the condition?

Answer 10

Fusions of fibrous tissue and immature bone

Wider than normal with thinner cortices

Question 11

How are bone cysts treated?

Answer 11

Cutterage and filled with grafting/bone cement

Question 12

How is an osteoid osteoma diagnosed and treated?

Answer 12

Diagnose - CT/ bone scan

Treat - radio ablation/ excision

Question 13

What is the only malignant bone tumour which is likely to present in older people as opposed to teens/YA?

Answer 13

Chondrosarcoma - cartilage producing

Question 14

What are red flag symptoms specific to bone cancer?

What should be done for red flag patients?

Answer 14

Constant intense pain which worsens at night
Sustainable ill-defined bone swelling

Xray

Question 15

What malignant bone tumour has the worst diagnosis?
What is it commonly misdiagnosed as?
What is the tumour made up of?

Answer 15

Ewing’s sarcoma
Osteomyelitis
Endothelial cells in the marrow

Question 16

What is the most common primary bone cancer and where is it most commonly found?

Answer 16

Osteosarcoma - bone producing

Knee

Question 17

What cancer most commonly presents in abnormal bone e.g. fibrous dysplasia

Answer 17

Fibrosarcoma + malignant fibrous histiocytoma

Question 18

Name the 4 most common cancers to metastasis to bone

Answer 18

3 Bs

Breast
Bronchial/lung
Bowel
+ prostate

Question 19

A YA patient presents with bone pain which is worse at night.

On XR of the affected bone, a blastic and destructive lesion (starburst pattern) is seen. What kind of tumour is this?

Answer 19

Osteosarcoma

• YA + kids
• starburst pattern

Question 20

What bone tumour is associated with ‘onion peel’ sign on Xray?

Answer 20

Ewing’s sarcoma - common exam Q

Question 21

Bone tumours need biopsy to confirm diagnosis. T/F?

Answer 21

T