Joint Physiology Flashcards
What are the 3 main types of joints?
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
What type of joint can be described as diarthrosis?
Synovial joint
Diarthrosis = increased free movement
What produces synovial fluid and where are they found?
Synovial cells - fibroblasts - inner synovial membrane within the joint cavity
Difference between simple and compound synovial joints?
Simple = 1 pair of articular surface Compound = 1+ pair of articular surface
What 3 things found around the synovial joint are used for support?
Bursa
Tendon
Ligament
What provides nutrients and allows respiration in the chondrocytes?
Synovial fluid
What causes synovial fluid’s high viscosity?
Mucin (hyaluronic acid) produced by synovial cells
Describe the relationship between synovial fluid viscosity and movement?
What happens to this in a diseased joint?
Increased movement = decreased viscosity
Much higher viscosity - properties becomes defective
What makes up the extracellular matrix of the cartilage?
Water - majority
Collagen - mainly type II
Proteoglycans - responsible for compression and weigh bearing
Cartilage is avascular. True or false?
T
What maintains the ECM and what happens if this maintenance becomes unbalanced?
Chondrocytes found at other end than articular end
Unbalanced = joint disease
What favours proteoglycan catabolism?
IL-1 and TNF-a
What are bursa?
Small fluid filled sacs - lined by synovium
Protect the joint and prevent friction
