Pathologic RBC Forms Flashcards

1
Q

acanthocytes

A

spur cells

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2
Q

acanthocytes associated pathology

A

liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia (states of cholesterol dysregulation)

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3
Q

acanthocytes notes

A

acantho = spiny

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4
Q

basophilic stippling associated pathology

A

sideroblastic anemia (lead poisoning, myelodysplastic syndromes), thalassemias

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5
Q

basophilic stippling notes

A

seen primarily in peripheral smear, vs ringed sideroblasts seen in bone marrow
aggregation of residual ribosomes

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6
Q

dacrocytes

A

teardrop cells

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7
Q

dacrocytes associated pathology

A

bone marrow infiltration (e.g. myelofibrosis), thalassemias

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8
Q

dacrocytes notes

A

RBC ‘sheds a tear’ because it’s mechanically squeezed out of its home in the bone marrow

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9
Q

degmacytes

A

‘bite cells’

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10
Q

degmacytes associated pathology

A

G6PD deficiency

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11
Q

echinocytes

A

burr cells

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12
Q

echinocytes associated pathology

A

end-stage renal disease, liver disease, pyruvate kinase deficiency

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13
Q

echinocytes notes

A

different from acanthocyte; tis projections are more uniform and smaller

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14
Q

elliptocytes associated pathology

A

hereditary elliptocytosis, usually asymptomatic; caused by mutation in genes encoding RBC membrane proteins (e.g. spectrin)

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15
Q

macro-ovalocytes associated pathology

A

megaloblastic anemia (also hyperhsegmented PMNs)

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16
Q

ringed sideroblasts associated pathology

A

sideroblastic anemia

excess iron in mitochondria

17
Q

ringed sideroblasts notes

A

seen in bone marrow with special staining (Prussian blue) vs. basophilic stippling in peripheral smear

18
Q

schistocytes associated pathology

A

microangiopathic hemolytic anemias, including DIC, TTP/HUS, HELLP syndrome, mechanical hemolysis (heart valve prosthesis)

19
Q

schistocytes notes

A

fragmented RBCs (helmet cells)

20
Q

sickle cells associated pathology

A

sickle cell anemia

21
Q

sickle cell notes

A

sickling occurs with dehydration, deoxygenation, and at high altitude

22
Q

spherocytes associated pathology

A

hereditary spherocytosis, drug- and infection-induced hemolytic anemia

23
Q

spherocytes notes

A

small, spherical cells without central pallor

24
Q

target cells associated pathology

A

HbC disease, Asplenia, Liver disease, Thalassemia

25
target cells notes
HALT, said the hunter to his Target
26
Heinz bodies associated pathology
seen in G6PD deficiency
27
Heinz bodies notes
oxidation of Hb-SH groups to -S--S- -> Hb precipitation (Heinz bodies), with subsequent phagocytic damage to RBC membrane -> bite cells
28
Howell-Jolly bodies associated pathology
seen in patients with functional hyposplenia or asplenia
29
Howell-Jolly bodies notes
basophilic nuclear remnants found in RBCs | Howell-Jolly bodies are normally removed from RBCs by splenic macrophages