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COMLEX 2 > Classic/Relevant Treatments > Flashcards

Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

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2
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

PCN/ceftriaxone, rifampin ppx

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3
Q

clostridium botulinum

A

antitoxin

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4
Q

clostridium tetani

A

antitoxin

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5
Q

staphylococcus aureas

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (anti-staphylococcal PCNs)
MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

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6
Q

Strep pyogenes

A

PCN ppx

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7
Q

Strep pneumo

A

PCN/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia)d

vancomycin (meningitis)

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8
Q

strep bovis

A

PCN ppx, eval for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

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9
Q

enterococci

A

vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

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10
Q

Hib

A

amoxicillin +/- clavulanate (mucosal infections)
ceftriaxone (meningitis)
rifampin ppx

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11
Q

legionella

A

macrolides (azithromycin)

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12
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

piperacillin/tazobactam, ahminoglycosides, carbapenem

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13
Q

treponema pallidum

A

PCN G

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14
Q

chlamydia trachomatis

A

doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea confection)

oral erythromycin to tx chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants

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15
Q

rickettsia rickettsii

A

doxycycline

chloramphenicol

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16
Q

candida albicans

A

topical azaleas (vaginitis)
nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal)
fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

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17
Q

cryptococcus neoformans

A

induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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18
Q

sporothrix schenckii

A

itraconazole, oral potassium chloride

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19
Q

pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (ppx and tx in immunosuppressed patients, CD4 <200)

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20
Q

toxoplasma gondii

A

sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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21
Q

malaria

A

chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for good schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

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22
Q

trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole (patient and partner)

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23
Q

influenza

A

oseltamiivr, zanamivir

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24
Q

CMV

A

ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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25
Q

neisseria gonorrheae

A

ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C. trachoma’s)

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26
Q

clostridium difficile

A

oral metronidazole, if refractory oral vancomycin

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27
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

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28
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

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29
Q

chronic hepatitis B or C

A

IFN-α (HBV and HCV)

ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

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30
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

close with indomethacin

keep open with PGE analots

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31
Q

stable angina

A

sublingual nitroglycerin

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32
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

statin (first-line)

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33
Q

Buerger disease

A

smoking cessation

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34
Q

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

A

cyclophosphamide

corticosteroids

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35
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

IVIG

high dose aspirin

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36
Q

temporal arteritis

A

high-dose steroids

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37
Q

arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

class 1B antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

38
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

α antagonists (phenoxybenzamine)

39
Q

prolactinoma

A

cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

40
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

desmopressin (central)

hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

41
Q

SIADH

A

fluid restriction
IV hypertonic saline
conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

42
Q

T1DM

A

dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement

43
Q

T2DM

A

dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

44
Q

DKA

A

fluids, insulin, K+

45
Q

carcinoid syndrome

A

octreotide

46
Q

Crohn disease

A

corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

47
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA preparations (mesalamine)

6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

48
Q

hypertriglycerides

A

fibrate

49
Q

sickle cell disease

A

hydroxyurea (increase fetal hemoglobin)

50
Q

chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

imatinib

51
Q

acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

all-trans retinoic acid

52
Q

drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

heparin

53
Q

heparin reversal

A

protamine sulfate

54
Q

immediate anticoagulation

A

heparin

55
Q

long-term anticoagulation

A

warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban

56
Q

warfarin reversal

A

FFP (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)

57
Q

cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

mesna

58
Q

HER2/neu + breast cancer

A

trastuzumab

59
Q

osteoporosis

A

calcium/vitamin D supplementation (ppx)

bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (tx)

60
Q

osteomalacia/rickets

A

vitamin D supplementation

61
Q

chronic gout

A

xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol, febuxostat)
pegloticase
probenecid

62
Q

acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

63
Q

neural tube defect prevention

A

prenatal folic acid

64
Q

migraine

A 
abortive therapies (sumatriptans, NSAIDs)
ppx (propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)
65
Q

trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureaux)

A

carbamazepine

66
Q

MS

A

disease-modifying therapies (ß-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids

67
Q

degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphils), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

68
Q

tonic-clonic seizures

A

levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

69
Q

absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

70
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

dantrolene

71
Q

anorexia

A

nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

72
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

73
Q

alcoholism

A

disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

74
Q

ADHD

A

methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomexetine, guanfacine, clonidine

75
Q

alcohol withdrawal

A

long-acting benzodiazepines

76
Q

bipolar disorder

A 
mood stabilizers (e.g. lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine)
atypical antipsychotics
77
Q

depression

A

SSRIs (first-line)

78
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); bus-irons (second line)

79
Q

schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

typical and atypical antipsychotics

80
Q

schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

atypical antipsychotics

81
Q

hyperaldosteronism

A

spironolactone

82
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

α1-antagonists, 5alpha-reducatse inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

83
Q

infertility

A

leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomphene

84
Q

breast cancer in postmenopausal women

A

aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

85
Q

ER + breast cancer

A

tamoxifen

86
Q

prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

A

leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

87
Q

medical abortion

A

mifepristone

88
Q

prostate adenocarcinoma

A

flutamide

89
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

90
Q

pulmonary artery hypertension (idiopathic)

A

sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

COMLEX 2 (37 decks)

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