Leukemias Flashcards
acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) bone marrow biopsy
complete replacement of bone marrow by similar promyelocytes (large cells with moderate amounts of cytoplasm and numerous violaceous cytoplasmic granules) Auer rods (intracytoplasmic azurophilic crystals seen within atypical promyelocytes)
APL characteristic translocation
t(15;17) : PML - RARA
APL epidemiology
early adulthood - 60 years
occur after cytotoxic therapy, especially with topoisomerase-II inhibitors
APL symptoms
pancytopenia - weakness, fatigue, infections, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, menorrhagia, and ecchymoses
APL laboratory findings
pancytopenia, rare circulating atypical promyelocytes within the peripheral blood, and often complete effacement of bone marrow with atypical promyelocytes
APL treatment
all-trans retinoid acid essential
acute myeloid leukemia genetics
mutation in FLT3
transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor
AML epidemiology
median age 65
AML symptoms
pancytopenia with median WBC count of 15,000
AML bone marrow biopsy
increased myeloblasts, which morphologically are small to large with scant cytoplasm and have fine chromatin with occasional nucleoli
Burkitt lymphoma genetics
MYC oncogene, Ig heavy chain gene
Burkitt lymphoma sporadic
US
sporadic Burkitt lymphoma presentation
massive abdominal disease associated with ascites
sporadic Burkitt lymphoma histology
monotonous, medium-sized lymphocytes with numerous tangible body macrophages and a high proliferative index
AML genetics (another)
t(8;21) - RUNX1 - RUNX1T1
AML t(8;21) epidemiology
older age
AML t(8;21) presentation
extra medullary deposits of myeloblasts (granulocytic sarcoma)
AML t(8;21) bone marrow biopsy
abundant cytoplasm, occasional Auer rods, and cytoplasmic vacuolization
CML genetics
t(9;22) BCR-ABL1
philadelphia chromosome
CML findings
myeloproliferative neoplasm with increased proliferation of all stages of differentiation of myeloid cells, with median WBC count 100,000, and increased myeloblasts (usually < 2%), promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, bands, and neutrophils
CML epidemiology
males > 50
