Patho SF Flashcards
Most common site of mets of lungs
adrenal glands
Most common site of mets of thyroid gland
lungs
Most common site of mets of HCC
lungs
cancers that metastasize to the lungs
Wilm’s tumor Osteosarcoma RCC Thyroid carcinoma CRC HCC
cancers that mets to the bones
Neuroblastoma breast CA Retinoblastoma (brain and bones) prostate -lumbar >p femur> pelvis > thoraacic spine > ribs
fulminant hepatitis, microvesicular steatosis. what drug
Tetracycline (Robbins)
others:
Valproic acid
Zidovudine
pattern of liver injury of methotrexate
STEATOHEPATITIS-like pattern
“MATI”
Methotrexate
Amiodarone
Tamoxifen
Irinotecan
pattern of liver injury by azathioprine
SINUSOIDAL OBSTRUCTIVE SYNDROME
(venoocclussive disease)
“OA”
Oxaliplatin
Azathioprine
triad of friedreich ataxia
GAA repeat expansion
HAA TRIAD
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Ataxia
Areflexia (loss of DTRs)
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
other nervous diseases with AR inheritance pattern
“Need For Speed”
Neurogenic muscular atrophies
Friedreich ataxia
Spinal muscular atrophy
myotonic dystrophy inheritance and triad
AD
CTG trinucleotide repeats
Cataracts
Toupee (early balding)
Gonadal atrophy
Huntington disease trinucleaotide repeat
CAG
Hunters need CAGes
most commong genetic cause of intellectual disability in males
Fragile X syndrome
CGG repeat expansion
most common defective gene in lung adenocarcinoma
KRAS
others ALK ROS1 MET BRAF P13K
most common gene mutation in lung SCC
TP53
other
CDKN2A
most common gene mutation in lung small cell CA
TP53 and RB
tumors with CD34(+)
solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura
neurofibroma
S-100 (+) Schwannoma
colorectal adenoma with the highest risk for malignant transformationi
VILLOUS ADENOMA
-relatively larger, sessile
most powerful prognostic indicators in gastric cancer
depth of invasion
exten of nodal and distant mets
sites of continuous HIV replication and cell destruction
lymph nodes, spleen
useful marker of HIV disease progression
HIV-1 RNA (viral load)
NOT CD4 level
chronic latency period before onset of aids
7-10 years
systems mainly involved in HIV infection
immune system
CNS
right sided hemiparesis, and right pupillary dilation and ocular palsy. what type of herniation
right (ipsilateral) TRANSTENTORIAL herniation
(uncal, anterior lateral [medial temporal])
ipsilateral CN3 palsy ipsilateral hemiparesis —> kernohan phenomenon (celebellar peduncle) ipsilateral PCA compression (+) Duret hemorrhages —midbrain and pons
ipsilateral ACA compression
subfalcine herniation
cingulate
most common type of cerebral hernia
subfalcine hernia “midline shift” “cingulate hernia” -pushing of the ipsilateral cingulate gyrus down and under the falx cerebri -anterior cerebral artery syndrome
contralateral leg weakness. what type of herniation
subfalcine herniation
“midline shift”
“Cingulate hernia”
