Buzz Words

Question 1

Leigh syndrome

Answer 1

Clinical findings of infant with seizures, muscle weakness, hypotonia, feeding problems, psychomotor development arrest, EXTRAOCULAR PALSIES, and LACTIC ACIDEMIA

Question 2

Histologic findings of leigh syndrome

Answer 2

Multifocal lesions with spongiform appearance of brain tissue and vascular proliferation

Question 3

Pain pathology of Leigh syndrome

Answer 3

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA that interfere with baby’s energy generation

Question 4

Clinical features of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and cytokine storm with systemic activation of CD8+ and macrophages which phagocytose blood cell prognitors in the marros

Answer 4

Hemophagycytic lymphohistiocytoma

• EBV mc trigger
• macrophage activating syndrome

Question 5

Most common site of metastasis of prostate cancer

Answer 5

Hematogenous: Bones (via Batson plexus)
Descending order:
-LUMBAR SPINE
-proximal femmur
-pelvis
-thoracic spine
-riibs

Lymphatic:
Obturator —> para-aortic nodes

Question 6

PSA velocity

Answer 6

To predict eventual abnormal values in men at risk for prostate cancer
Get the rate of change in PSA is usually 0.75ng/mL per year with at least 3 PSA measurements over a period of 1.5-2 years

Question 7

Remark/s on BPH

Answer 7

PSA levels <=4 ng/mL 📌

Question 8

Histology of BPH

Answer 8

Hyperplasia of glandular and stromal tissues with papillary buds

Question 9

Histopathologic findings at the base of the vesicle in varicella lesions

Answer 9

Intraepithelial vesicles with intranuclear inclusions

Question 10

Length of the course of illness in varicella

Answer 10

2 weeks after respiratory infection

Question 11

Pathology of imperforate anus

Answer 11

Failure of cloacal diaphragm to involute

Question 12

Newborn baby failed to pass meconium at immediate postnataal period presenting with abdominal distension and bilious vomiting

Answer 12

Hirschsprung’s disease

Question 13

Characteristics of PSA

Answer 13

Androgen regulated to cleave and liquefy seminal coagulum formed after ejaculation
Product of prostatic epithelium secrted in the semen
Enlarging prostate in aging men would have higher serum PSA 📌

Question 14

Histologic finding distinguishing cancer cells of the prostate

Answer 14

The outer basal cll layer found in benign lesion is absent 📌

Question 15

Patient consulting with gradual onset of cougs and sorethroat assc’d with headache, chills, malaise, fever, wheezes and rales on auscultation;

Peribronchial pneumonia with thickened bronchial markings, streaks of interstitial infiltration, and areas of subsegmental atelectasis on CXR

Answer 15

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 16

Laboratory test to diagnose mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 16

Culture of pulmonary specimen 📌

Question 17

Most significant cutaneous pathology assoc’d with mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 17

Erythema multiforme major

Question 18

Remarks on Type 1 DM

Answer 18

4-10% cn occur after age 30

Question 19

Hormones predominantly produced by small cell CA

Answer 19

Acth, adh

Question 20

Wart-like new growth on the hands and feet of patient with hx of exposure to their town river where Marcopper Mining drainage would usually pass

Answer 20

Arsenic keratosis

-may develop into squamous carcinoma

Question 21

Type of cell that plays a part in type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 21

Lymphocyte?? 📌

IMMEDIATE PHASE:
Vascular changes (vasoactive amines)

LATE PHASE:
Leukocytic infiltratiotn and tissue damage
Eosinophils: main cells
IL-5: most potent eosinophil-activating cytokines from TH2 cells (will also direct the production of IgE that will bind to basophils and mast cells)

Subsequent exposure to allergen: antigen binds to IgE on basophils and mast cells, causing degranulation —> immedate and late phase

Question 22

Sinequa non of OA

Answer 22

Hyaline articular cartilage loss

Question 23

Oa xray findings

Answer 23

Eroded and joint space narrowing in the knee joint surfaces with loss of compressibility and lubrication of articular cartilaginous surfaces

Question 24

Leukocytic cells that may be the main type of cell in allergic reactions

Answer 24

Eosinophils 📌