Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology; Re 2 > Flash 1 > Flashcards

Flash 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What mechanisms cause cellular aging

A
  1. Accumulation of DNA damage
  2. Replicative senescence
  3. Defective protein homeostasis
  4. Nutrient sensing system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Remarks on replicative senescence

A

Mechanism of cellular aging characterized by reduced capacity of cells to divide secondary to progressive shortening of chromosomal ends (telomeres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mediators of increased longevity brought about by caloric restriction

A
  1. Reduced IGF-1 signialing

2. Increased sirtuins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a potent fibrogenic agent?

A

TGF-beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Components of the virchow’s triad

A

Endothelial injury
Abnormal blood flow (stasis or turbulence)
Hypercoagulability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Systemic emboli derive from

A

Cardiac mural or valvular thrombi
Aortic aneurysms
Atherosclerotic plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Red infarcts

A

Infarcts caused by venous occlusion or occurring in spongy tissues with dual blood supply and where blood can collect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Remarks on AD disorders

A

Receptors and structural proteins are involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

AR diseases

A

Enzyme proteins are affected usually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Female carriers of x-linked disorders usually are ______ because of _______ of one X chromoseom

A

Protected; random inactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Marfan

A

Mutation in FBN1, encoding for fibrillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fibrillin is requred for

A

Structural intefrity of connective tissues

Regulatiotn of TGF-B signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the major tissues affected in Marfan syndrome

A

Skeleton
Eyes
Cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tay-Sachs disease cause

A

Severe intellectual disability
Blindness
Motor weakness
Death by 2-3 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most severe type of Niemann-Pick disease

A

Type A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Niemann pick dse type C

A 
Defect in cholesterol transport
Presents with
-ataxia
-dysarthria
-psychomotor regression
17
Q

Gaucher disease has a strong association with

A

Parkinson disease

18
Q

Pompe disease

A

Lack of lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidse

19
Q

What condition is characterized by pathologic amplification of trinucleotide repeats causing GAIN-OF-FUNCTION mutations?

A

Huntington disease

20
Q

Fragil X syndrome results from

A

Loss of FMR1 gene function

21
Q

CGG repeats

A

Fragile X syndrrome

22
Q

What process involves transciptional silencing of the paternal or maternal copies of certain genes during gametogenesis?

A

Imprinting

*loss of the functional (not imprinted) alleel by deletion gives rise to diseases

23
Q

What ar manifestations of prader Willi syndrome

A 
Intellecual disability
Short stature
Hypotonia
Hyperphagia
Small hands and feet
Hypogonadism
24
Q

Manifestations of angelman syndrome

A

Intellectual disability
Ataxia
Seizures
Inappropriate laughter

25
Q

What is the most efficient antigen-presenting cell?

A

Dendritic cells

26
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs

A

BM, thymus

Production of mature lymphocytes

27
Q

What are the secondary/peripheral lymphoid organs?

A

LN
Spleen
Mucosal lymphoid tissues
Sites of immune responses

28
Q

In type I hypersensitivity, reexposure to the allergen leads to

A

Cross-linking of the IgE and FceRI
Activation of mast cells
Release of mediators

29
Q

In cytokine-mediated inflammation, CD4+ T cells are activated by exposure to a protein antigen and differetiate into ____ effector cells

A

Th1 and th17

30
Q

Cytokine that activates macrophages

A

IFN-gamma

Secreted by CD8+ t cells

31
Q

Systemic sclerosis is commonly called

A

Scleroderma

32
Q

________ are commonly present in the lesions of systemic sclerosis, perhaps causing chronic ischemia, but the pathogenesis of vascular injury is not known

A

Endothelial injury and microvascular disease

Pathology; Re 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions