Flash 3

Question 1

Pollutants that may accumulate in indoor air and cause disease

Answer 1

Smoke
Bioaerosols
Radon
Formaldehyde

Question 2

What are the heavy metals most comonly assoc’d with toxic effeccts in humns?

Answer 2

Lead
Mercury
Arsenic
Cadmium

Question 3

Excess lead causes _____ in children and ____ in adults

Answer 3

CNS defects

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 4

Other effects of lead

Answer 4

Lead interferes with the remodeling of cartilage

Causes sideroblastic anemia by interfering with hgb synthesis

Question 5

What’s the major source of exposure to mercury

Answer 5

Contaminated fish

Question 6

The developing brain is highly sensitive to what form of mercury

Answer 6

Methyl mercury, which accumulates in the CNS

Question 7

Remarks on arsenic

Answer 7

Naturally found in soil and water and is a component of some wood presrvatives and herbicides

Question 8

Arsenic interferes with

Answer 8

Mitochondiral oxidative phosphorylation

Question 9

Excess cadmium causes

Answer 9

Obstructive lung dse

Kidney damage

Question 10

What is the most prevalent preventable cause of human death

Answer 10

Smoking

Question 11

Carcinogens present in tobacco smoke

Answer 11

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Nitrosamines
Aromatic amines

Question 12

Acute alcohol abuse causes drowsiness at blood levels of

Answer 12

200 mg/dL

Question 13

What are the most frequent therapeutic drugs involved in drug injury?

Answer 13

1. Antineoplastic agentss
2. Anticoagulants
3. MHT prep and OC’s
4. Acetaminophen
5. Aspirin

Question 14

OCP has protective effects vs

Answer 14

Endometrial and ovarian cancer

Question 15

Remarks on acetaminophen toxicity

Answer 15

May cause centrilobular liver necrosis

Question 16

Remarks on Leptin

Answer 16

Binds to its receptors in the hypothalamus, decreasing appeitite and increasing energy consumption by stimulating POMC/CART neurons and inhibitng NPY/AgRP neurons

Question 17

Right-sided heart failure is most often due to

Answer 17

Left heart failure

Less commonly due to primary pulmonary disorders

Question 18

Critical stenosis for angina

Answer 18

> 70% fixed stenosis

Question 19

Myocardial ischemia leads to loss of function within ____ minutes but causes necrosis only after _______ mins

Answer 19

1-2 mins

20-30 mins

Question 20

Remraks on valve diseases

Answer 20

Acquired aortic and mitral valve stenoses account for ~ 2/3 of all valve diseases; much of the remainder is MITRAL REGURGITATIOTN

Question 21

Rheumatic heart disease most commonly affects the

Answer 21

Mitral valve, and is responsible for 99% of acquired mitral stenoses

Question 22

In up to 50% of cases, genetic mutations are causal, with ____ representing up to ______ of cases of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 22

Titin truncation mutations

20%

Question 23

What is the most common leukemia in adults

Answer 23

Small lymphocytic lymphoma/

Chronic lymphocytic lymphoma

Question 24

What is the most common indolent lymphoma of adults; what’s the translocation?

Answer 24

Follicular lymphoma
T(14;18)
Leads to overexpression of BCL2

Question 25

What is the most common lympoma of adults

Answer 25

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Question 26

Burkitt lymphoma is strongly associated with translocation involving

Answer 26

MYC protooncogene

Question 27

Mante cell lymphoma is highly assoc’d with transolocations involving the

Answer 27

Cyclin D1 gene

Question 28

Remarks on marginal zone lymphoma

Answer 28

An indolent tumor of antigen-primed B cells that arise at sites of chronic immune stimulation

*Mantle cell lymphoma is a tumor of naive B cells

Question 29

Remarks on hairy cell leukemia

Answer 29

Very indolent tumor of mature B cells that involves spleen and marrow
Highly assoc’d with mutations in the BRAF serin/threonine kinase

Question 30

Remarks on multiple myeloma

Answer 30

Assocd with translocations involveing IGH locus
Frequent dysregulation and overexpression of D CYCLINS
May be assoc’d with AL amyloidosis (light chains)