Flash 2 Flashcards
X-linked SCID
Mutation in the common y chain (yc) subunit of cytokine receptors, leading to failure of IL-7 and IL-15 signaling, and defective lymphopoiesis
IL-7: “required for survival and proliferation of lymphoid progenitors (T cells)”
IL-15: “important for maturation and proliferation of NK cells
- B cells may be normal in number, but antibody synthesis is impaired becuase of LACK OF T-CELL HELP
- *other IL affected: IL-2, IL-4, IL- 9, IL-11, IL-21
Mutatiotn in X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Mutations in the BTK gene, which encodes B-cell tyrosine kinase, required for maturation signals from the pre-BCRs and BCR
Remark/s on amyloidosis
EXTRACELLULAR deposits of misfolded proteins that aggregate to form insoluble fibrils
Amyloidosis evoke an inflammatory resonse. True or false?
False
“Cancers are most common in adults older than ______”
55
Normal growth factor signaling leads to RB_____ and inactivation, thus promoting cell cycle progression
Hyperphosphorylatiotn
Viral oncoprotein that inhibit RB
E7 protein of hpv
Inhibitor of p53
E6 protein of HPV
Remarks on APC
TSG that encodes a factor that negatively regulates the WNT pathway in colonic epitheium by promoting the formation of a complex that degrades beta-catenin
Accuired somatic APC mutations are found in about ______ of sporadic colon carcinomas
70%
Germline loss-of-function mutation in the E-cadherin gene cause
Autosomal dominant familial gastric carcinoma
CDH1
Mutation in autosomal dominant familial melanoma
Germline loss-of-function mutations of CDKN2A
What is a potent inhibitor of cellular proliferation in normal tissues?
TGF-beta pathway
Warburg metabolism
Form of pro-growth metabolism favoring glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation
Lesions that incapacitate the _________ pathway of apoptosis appear to be common in most cancers
Intrinsic (mitochondrial)
