Patho Review Questions

Question 1

You are teaching a pt. with hypernatremia that he needs to restrict his intake of sodium. Which of the following foods should he avoid?

a. ) bananas, broccoli, peaches
b. ) red meat, chicken, pork
c. ) milk, raw nuts, liver
d. ) canned soup, ketchup, and cheese

Answer 1

d.) canned soup, ketchup, and cheese

Question 2

A person’s basement membrane of the glomerulus in the kidney is impaired. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to see?

a. ) Protein in the urine
b. ) Increased GFR
c. ) Decreased urine output
d. ) Decreased urine output

Answer 2

a.) Protein in the urine

Question 3

Which of the following individuals are at the least risk for a UTI?

a. ) A 46-y-o man in the hospital with a foley catheter
b. ) A sexually active 39-y-o woman
c. ) A 35-y-o man with glomerular disorders
d. ) A 28-y-o man with urinary retention

Answer 3

c.) A 35-y-o man with glomerular disorders

Question 4

Which part of the RAAS is responsible for vasoconstriction?

a. ) Angiotensin I
b. ) Angiotensin II
c. ) Renin
d. ) Aldosterone

Answer 4

b.) Angiotensin II

Question 5

A 65-year-old man is brought to the ER with severe flank pain and gross hematouria. Which of the following conditions do you suspect?

a. ) cystitis
b. ) pylonephritis
c. ) Renal calculi
d. ) Chronic renal failure

Answer 5

c.) Renal calculi

Question 6

What is the cause of metabolic acidosis?

a. ) CNS depression from drugs
b. ) Renal disease
c. ) Gram-bacteremia
d. ) Asyphixia

Answer 6

b.) Renal disease

Question 7

Which of the following is a proper treatment for respiratory acidosis?

a. ) Tell the patient to breath into a paper bag
b. ) Give bronchodialators
c. ) Give K+ supplements
d. ) Give aldosterone to displace K+ ions

Answer 7

b.) Give bronchodialators

Question 8

Hyperchloremia can lead to:

a. ) Acidosis
b. ) Alkalosis
c. ) Hypercalcemia
d. ) Hypocalcemia

Answer 8

a.) Acidosis

Question 9

On expiration, the diaphragm moves down

a. True
b. False

Answer 9

b. False

Question 10

Pre-renal failure results from:

a. ) obstruction of urine flow
b. ) conditions that diminish blood flow to the kidneys
c. ) damage to the kidney itself
d. ) damage to the basement membrane

Answer 10

b.) conditions that diminish blood flow to the kidneys

Question 11

Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia include:

a. ) weight loss, slow pulse, and vision changes
b. ) change in LOC, muscle twitching, cramps
c. ) chest pain, fever, pericardial rub
d. ) headache, tachynpea, excessive energ

Answer 11

b.) change in LOC, muscle twitching, cramps

Question 12

Which of the following is a control mechanism for both BP and pulse?

a. ) The ANS
b. ) the kidneys
c. ) The GI tract
d. ) Vasopressin (ADH)

Answer 12

a.) The ANS

Question 13

Which person is at greatest risk for isotonic fluid volume excess?

a. ) An elderly man suffering from a coma
b. ) A diabetic who cannot tell whether she is thirsty or not
c. ) A child on diuretic therapy
d. ) A man diagnosed with congestive heart failure

Answer 13

d.) A man diagnosed with congestive heart failure

Question 14

While performing an admission assessment on a patient, you notice bright red, wet ulcers on his left lower extremity. Which of the following might you suspect would be the cause of the ulcer?

a. ) Ineffective gas exchange in the capillaries
b. ) A history of “incompetent valves” in his vessels
c. ) A restriction in arterial flow to his legs
d. ) Lack of oxygen and nutrients to the legs

Answer 14

b.) A history of “incompetent valves” in his vessels

Question 15

When Aldosterone is secreted, the kidneys reabsorb:

a. ) sodium
b. ) potassium
c. ) magnesium
d. ) calcium

Answer 15

a.) sodium

Question 16

Which is an example of how the body compensates for metabolic acidosis?

a. ) The body concentrates urine with more H+ ions
b. ) The body will excrete more bicarbonate through the urine
c. ) The body will increase the rate and depth of respirations
d. ) The body will decrease the rate and depth of respirations

Answer 16

c.) The body will increase the rate and depth of respirations

Question 17

Which factor can contribute to the formation of renal calculi?

a. ) hypocalcemia
b. ) Abnormal urine pH
c. ) Hypophosphatism
d. ) Drinking 2000mL of fluid every day

Answer 17

b.) Abnormal urine pH

Question 18

The kidneys respond to acid-base changes by:

a. ) increasing respirations to get rid of CO2
b. ) Producing phosphate buffers
c. ) Producing protein buffers
d. ) excreting or reabsorbing H+/ bicarbonate

Answer 18

d.) excreting or reabsorbing H+/ bicarbonate

Question 19

Your patient is being treated for acute renal failure, caused by acute tubular necrosis (ATN). With this knowledge, you can explain to her that her specific type of renal failure is:

a. ) Prerenal failure
b. ) Intrinsic renal failure
c. ) Postrenal failure
d. ) Chronic renal failure

Answer 19

b.) Intrinsic renal failure

Question 20

A 72-y-o patient with chronic renal failure also has anemia. The most likely cause of his anemia is:

a. ) Blood loss through damaged tubules
b. ) A failure of the R-A-A System
c. ) RBC’s being destroyed during hemodialysis
d. ) A lack of erythropoietin

Answer 20

d.) A lack of erythropoietin

Question 21

Which of the following signs and symptoms are associated with hyperkalemia?

a. ) Constipation, oliguria, and muscle cramps
b. ) Tingling in extremities, alkalosis, and fatigue
c. ) Cardiac disrrhythmias, polyuria, and muscle weakness
d. ) Intestinal cramping, diarrhea, and cell hyperexcitability

Answer 21

c.) Cardiac disrrhythmias, polyuria, and muscle weakness