Patho Review Questions Flashcards
You are teaching a pt. with hypernatremia that he needs to restrict his intake of sodium. Which of the following foods should he avoid?
a. ) bananas, broccoli, peaches
b. ) red meat, chicken, pork
c. ) milk, raw nuts, liver
d. ) canned soup, ketchup, and cheese
d.) canned soup, ketchup, and cheese
A person’s basement membrane of the glomerulus in the kidney is impaired. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to see?
a. ) Protein in the urine
b. ) Increased GFR
c. ) Decreased urine output
d. ) Decreased urine output
a.) Protein in the urine
Which of the following individuals are at the least risk for a UTI?
a. ) A 46-y-o man in the hospital with a foley catheter
b. ) A sexually active 39-y-o woman
c. ) A 35-y-o man with glomerular disorders
d. ) A 28-y-o man with urinary retention
c.) A 35-y-o man with glomerular disorders
Which part of the RAAS is responsible for vasoconstriction?
a. ) Angiotensin I
b. ) Angiotensin II
c. ) Renin
d. ) Aldosterone
b.) Angiotensin II
A 65-year-old man is brought to the ER with severe flank pain and gross hematouria. Which of the following conditions do you suspect?
a. ) cystitis
b. ) pylonephritis
c. ) Renal calculi
d. ) Chronic renal failure
c.) Renal calculi
What is the cause of metabolic acidosis?
a. ) CNS depression from drugs
b. ) Renal disease
c. ) Gram-bacteremia
d. ) Asyphixia
b.) Renal disease
Which of the following is a proper treatment for respiratory acidosis?
a. ) Tell the patient to breath into a paper bag
b. ) Give bronchodialators
c. ) Give K+ supplements
d. ) Give aldosterone to displace K+ ions
b.) Give bronchodialators
Hyperchloremia can lead to:
a. ) Acidosis
b. ) Alkalosis
c. ) Hypercalcemia
d. ) Hypocalcemia
a.) Acidosis
On expiration, the diaphragm moves down
a. True
b. False
b. False
Pre-renal failure results from:
a. ) obstruction of urine flow
b. ) conditions that diminish blood flow to the kidneys
c. ) damage to the kidney itself
d. ) damage to the basement membrane
b.) conditions that diminish blood flow to the kidneys
Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia include:
a. ) weight loss, slow pulse, and vision changes
b. ) change in LOC, muscle twitching, cramps
c. ) chest pain, fever, pericardial rub
d. ) headache, tachynpea, excessive energ
b.) change in LOC, muscle twitching, cramps
Which of the following is a control mechanism for both BP and pulse?
a. ) The ANS
b. ) the kidneys
c. ) The GI tract
d. ) Vasopressin (ADH)
a.) The ANS
Which person is at greatest risk for isotonic fluid volume excess?
a. ) An elderly man suffering from a coma
b. ) A diabetic who cannot tell whether she is thirsty or not
c. ) A child on diuretic therapy
d. ) A man diagnosed with congestive heart failure
d.) A man diagnosed with congestive heart failure
While performing an admission assessment on a patient, you notice bright red, wet ulcers on his left lower extremity. Which of the following might you suspect would be the cause of the ulcer?
a. ) Ineffective gas exchange in the capillaries
b. ) A history of “incompetent valves” in his vessels
c. ) A restriction in arterial flow to his legs
d. ) Lack of oxygen and nutrients to the legs
b.) A history of “incompetent valves” in his vessels
When Aldosterone is secreted, the kidneys reabsorb:
a. ) sodium
b. ) potassium
c. ) magnesium
d. ) calcium
a.) sodium
Which is an example of how the body compensates for metabolic acidosis?
a. ) The body concentrates urine with more H+ ions
b. ) The body will excrete more bicarbonate through the urine
c. ) The body will increase the rate and depth of respirations
d. ) The body will decrease the rate and depth of respirations
c.) The body will increase the rate and depth of respirations
Which factor can contribute to the formation of renal calculi?
a. ) hypocalcemia
b. ) Abnormal urine pH
c. ) Hypophosphatism
d. ) Drinking 2000mL of fluid every day
b.) Abnormal urine pH
The kidneys respond to acid-base changes by:
a. ) increasing respirations to get rid of CO2
b. ) Producing phosphate buffers
c. ) Producing protein buffers
d. ) excreting or reabsorbing H+/ bicarbonate
d.) excreting or reabsorbing H+/ bicarbonate
Your patient is being treated for acute renal failure, caused by acute tubular necrosis (ATN). With this knowledge, you can explain to her that her specific type of renal failure is:
a. ) Prerenal failure
b. ) Intrinsic renal failure
c. ) Postrenal failure
d. ) Chronic renal failure
b.) Intrinsic renal failure
A 72-y-o patient with chronic renal failure also has anemia. The most likely cause of his anemia is:
a. ) Blood loss through damaged tubules
b. ) A failure of the R-A-A System
c. ) RBC’s being destroyed during hemodialysis
d. ) A lack of erythropoietin
d.) A lack of erythropoietin
Which of the following signs and symptoms are associated with hyperkalemia?
a. ) Constipation, oliguria, and muscle cramps
b. ) Tingling in extremities, alkalosis, and fatigue
c. ) Cardiac disrrhythmias, polyuria, and muscle weakness
d. ) Intestinal cramping, diarrhea, and cell hyperexcitability
c.) Cardiac disrrhythmias, polyuria, and muscle weakness
