Packet 2

Question 1

What is differentiation?

Answer 1

Differentiation

Cells develop specialized structures/functions

Changing / Specializing

Question 2

Continued protein and RNA synthesis.

a. ) S
b. ) M
c. ) G₀
d. ) G₁
e. ) G₂

Answer 2

e.) G₂

Continued protein and RNA synthesis

G₁ → S → G₂ → M → G₀

Question 3

What is proliferation?

Answer 3

Proliferation

of cells actively dividing = # dying

increasing in #

Question 4

One allele in the pair may be more likely to be expressed (dominant vs recessive). When the alleles are different they are ______.

a. ) homozygous
b. ) heterozygous
c. ) recessive traits
d. ) dominant traits

Answer 4

b.) heterozygous

Question 5

Cell division/mitosis occurs.

a. ) S
b. ) M
c. ) G₀
d. ) G₁
e. ) G₂

Answer 5

b.) M

Cell division/mitosis occurs.

G₁ → S → G₂ → M → G₀

Question 6

Degree of Differentiation

Can be triggered to produce progenitor cells when needed; some types can produce more than 1 type of cell.

a. ) highly differentiated cell types
b. ) parent/progenitor cells
c. ) undifferentiated stem cells

Answer 6

c.) undifferentiated stem cells

Can be triggered to produce progenitor cells when needed; some types can produce more than 1 type of cell.

Differentiation = genetics (usually)

Progenitor cells = parent cells

Question 7

One allele in the pair may be more likely to be expressed (dominant vs recessive). When both of the alleles are the same, they are ______.

a. ) homozygous
b. ) heterozygous
c. ) recessive traits
d. ) dominant traits

Answer 7

a.) homozygous

Question 8

Abnormal proliferation and differentiation.

a. ) Malignant
b. ) Benign neoplasms
c. ) Differentiation
d. ) Proliferation

Answer 8

a.) Malignant

Question 9

______ is an example of a single-gene disorder.

a. ) Hemophilia A
b. ) Marfan syndrome
c. ) Sickle cell anemia
d. ) Trisomy 21

Answer 9

a.) Hemophilia A

Question 10

Preparing to divide; protein, RNA, and organelle synthesis.

a. ) S
b. ) M
c. ) G₀
d. ) G₁
e. ) G₂

Answer 10

d.) G₁

Preparing to divide;

protein, RNA, and organelle synthesis

G₁ → S → G₂ → M → G₀

Question 11

Cells develop specialized structures/functions.

a. ) Malignant
b. ) Benign neoplasms
c. ) Differentiation
d. ) Proliferation

Answer 11

d.) Proliferation

Question 12

One allele in the pair may be more likely to be expressed (dominant vs recessive). ______ are expressed in either a homozygous or heterozygous pairing.

a. ) recessive traits
b. ) dominant traits

Answer 12

b.) dominant traits

Question 13

Number of cells actively dividing equals number of cells dying.

a. ) Malignant
b. ) Benign neoplasms
c. ) Differentiation
d. ) Proliferation

Answer 13

d.) Proliferation

Question 14

What is the order of the cell cycle?

Answer 14

G₁ → S → G₂ → M → G₀

Question 15

One allele in the pair may be more likely to be expressed (dominant vs recessive). ______ are expressed only in homozygous pairings.

a. ) recessive traits
b. ) dominant traits

Answer 15

a.) recessive traits

Question 16

If a person is ______, the recessive trait is not manifested, but the person is a carrier.

Answer 16

heterozygous

Question 17

Synthesis phase. DNA synthesis occurs resulting in 2 separate sets of chromosomes made (46 in each set), one for each daughter cell.

a. ) S
b. ) M
c. ) G₀
d. ) G₁
e. ) G₂

Answer 17

a.) S

Synthesis phase. DNA synthesis occurs resulting in 2 separate sets of chromosomes made (46 in each set), one for each daughter cell.

G₁ → S → G₂ → M → G₀

Question 18

The zygote receives chromosomes from each parent cell to make a paired set → 2 genes for each trait, called ______.

Answer 18

alleles

Question 19

______ is an example of an autosomal recessive disorder.

a. ) Hemophilia A
b. ) Marfan syndrome
c. ) Sickle cell anemia
d. ) Trisomy 21

Answer 19

c.) Sickle cell anemia

Question 20

Degree of Differentiation

Able to reproduce, but usually limited to a single cell type.

a. ) highly differentiated cell types
b. ) parent/progenitor cells
c. ) undifferentiated stem cells

Answer 20

b.) parent/progenitor cells

Able to reproduce, but usually limited to a single cell type.

i.e. liver, skin

Question 21

Abnormal proliferation and normal differentiation. Not cancerous, grows by expansion, not spreading.

a. ) Malignant
b. ) Benign neoplasms
c. ) Differentiation
d. ) Proliferation

Answer 21

b.) Benign neoplasms

Question 22

______ is an example of an autosomal dominant disorder.

a. ) Hemophilia A
b. ) Marfan syndrome
c. ) Sickle cell anemia
d. ) Trisomy 21

Answer 22

b.) Marfan syndrome

Question 23

______ is is a chromosomal disorder,

a. ) Hemophilia A
b. ) Marfan syndrome
c. ) Sickle cell anemia
d. ) Trisomy 21

Answer 23

d.) Trisomy 21

Question 24

Degree of Differentiation

Limited ability to divide/reproduce.

a. ) highly differentiated cell types
b. ) parent/progenitor cells
c. ) undifferentiated stem cells

Answer 24

a.) highly differentiated cell types

Limited ability to divide/reproduce.

Most highly specialized cells are much less capable of replacing cells

Question 25

Resting phase.

a. ) S
b. ) M
c. ) G₀
d. ) G₁
e. ) G₂

Answer 25

c.) G₀

Resting phase.

G₁ → S → G₂ → M → G₀