Packet 16 - Alterations in Neural Function Part 1 (2)

Question 1

Brain herniation causes the displacement of brain tissue. Tissue herniates up into supratentorial, or down. If the pressure is so high it pushed brain tissue into foramen magnum it will damage all the control centers in the brain (breathing, heart rate, blood pressure) = death

1. ) Multiple Sclerosis 2.) Schizophrenia
2. ) Guillain-Barre Synd. 4.) Myasthenia Gravis
3. ) Swelling of brain cells 6.) Parkinson’s Disease
4. ) Supratentorial Herniations 8.) Infratentorial Herniations

Answer 1

Infratentorial Herniations

Tissue herniates up into supratentorial, or down. If the pressure is so high it pushed brain tissue into foramen magnum it will damage all the control centers in the brain (breathing, heart rate, blood pressure) = death

• Shoves tissue up.*
• Brain stem herniates down foramen magnum.*
• Worst case → damages brain stem.*

Question 2

A change in the number or sensitivity of receptor sites (increase or decrease) related to functional acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.

1. ) Multiple Sclerosis 2.) Schizophrenia
2. ) Guillain-Barre Synd. 4.) Myasthenia Gravis
3. ) Swelling of brain cells 6.) Parkinson’s Disease
4. ) Supratentorial Herniations 8.) Infratentorial Herniations

Answer 2

Myasthenia Gravis

Related to functional acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.

Path. changes at ​chemical synapses:

• Change in # or sensitivity of receptor sites (increase or decrease)

Question 3

Defect of blood-brain barrier (increased permeability) related to trauma, infection, etc.

1. ) Multiple Sclerosis 2.) Schizophrenia
2. ) Guillain-Barre Synd. 4.) Myasthenia Gravis
3. ) Swelling of brain cells 6.) Parkinson’s Disease
4. ) Supratentorial Herniations 8.) Infratentorial Herniations

Answer 3

Swelling of brain cells

Defect of blood-brain barrier (increased permeability) related to trauma, infection, etc.

Brain cells are over stimulated.

Question 4

Brain herniation causes the displacement of brain tissue to be shoved left to right and up and down. Can also push brain stem down as well.

1. ) Multiple Sclerosis 2.) Schizophrenia
2. ) Guillain-Barre Synd. 4.) Myasthenia Gravis
3. ) Swelling of brain cells 6.) Parkinson’s Disease
4. ) Supratentorial Herniations 8.) Infratentorial Herniations

Answer 4

Supratentorial Herniations

Too much pressure in supratentorial compartment. herniates to other hemisphere or intratentorial, can also cause brain stem herniation if pressure is great enough.

Question 5

Problem with neurotransmitter production or release related to destruction of dopamine-secreting neurons in basal ganglia.

1. ) Multiple Sclerosis 2.) Schizophrenia
2. ) Guillain-Barre Synd. 4.) Myasthenia Gravis
3. ) Swelling of brain cells 6.) Parkinson’s Disease
4. ) Supratentorial Herniations 8.) Infratentorial Herniations

Answer 5

Parkinson’s Disease

Related to destruction of dopamine-secreting neurons in basal ganglia.

Path. changes at ​chemical synapses:

• Problems with neurotransmitter production or release.

Question 6

Problem with neurotransmitter production or release related to excessive dopamine at certain dopamine receptors in the brain.

1. ) Multiple Sclerosis 2.) Schizophrenia
2. ) Guillain-Barre Synd. 4.) Myasthenia Gravis
3. ) Swelling of brain cells 6.) Parkinson’s Disease
4. ) Supratentorial Herniations 8.) Infratentorial Herniations

Answer 6

Schizophrenia

Possibly related to excessive dopamine at certain dopamine receptors in the brain.

Path. changes at ​chemical synapses:

• Problems with neurotransmitter production or release.

Question 7

Demyelination in PNS. Nerve conduction is slowed down.

1. ) Multiple Sclerosis 2.) Schizophrenia
2. ) Guillain-Barre Synd. 4.) Myasthenia Gravis
3. ) Swelling of brain cells 6.) Parkinson’s Disease
4. ) Supratentorial Herniations 8.) Infratentorial Herniations

Answer 7

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Demyelination in PNS.

Nerve conduction is slowed down.

Question 8

Demyelination in CNS. Nerve conduction is slowed down.

1. ) Multiple Sclerosis 2.) Schizophrenia
2. ) Guillain-Barre Synd. 4.) Myasthenia Gravis
3. ) Swelling of brain cells 6.) Parkinson’s Disease
4. ) Supratentorial Herniations 8.) Infratentorial Herniations

Answer 8

Multiple Sclerosis

Demyelination in CNS.

Nerve conduction is slowed down.