Packet 5 - Immune System Flashcards
B-cells → think → ?
Complement → think → ?
B-cells → think → make antibodies
Complement → think → inflammation / inflammatory
If you have a problem with activating factors of complement, what kind of problems are you going to have?
Won’t be able to generate inflammation
If you have a problem with inhibiting factors of complement, what kind of problems are you going to have?
inflammation is out of control
Pre-disposing or causative factors of immune deficiencies
Usually immune deficiencies that you are born with (inherited or congenital). Usually a mutation of a gene, or the gene is defective.
a. ) Primary disorders/deficiencies
b. ) Secondary disorders/deficiencies
a.) Primary disorders/deficiencies
Congenital or inherited
related to gene defects or mutations
Pre-disposing or causative factors of immune deficiencies
Usually immune deficiencies/disorders that you are not born with, but you acquire them at some later point in life. Usually as a result of infection (AIDS virus), or cancers such as leukemia (cancer of WBCs) or lymphoma. Or if someone is on immunosuppressant drugs or a transplant.
a. ) Primary disorders/deficiencies
b. ) Secondary disorders/deficiencies
b.) Secondary disorders/deficiencies
Acquired later in life, due to: infections (like AIDS), cancers (like lymphoma), other diseases that affect synthesis or maintenance of immune cells/components, immunosuppressive therapy.
Liver disease
The HIV virus primarily attacks ______.
Helper T cells (CD4+)
Used to detect antibodies to HIV. If positive, confirm with western blot
a.) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
An autoimmune disorder (breakdown in self tolerance) development of antibodies against many self antigens, including nuclear antigens such as DNA/RNA. Cell damage → release of DNA → formation of anti-DNA antibodies → react w/ DNA from damaged cells anywhere in body → antigen-antibody complexes deposited in tissue → inflammation, more cell damage and immune reaction (vicious cycle!)
a. ) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
b. ) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
c. ) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex)
d. ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e. ) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
f. ) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever
b.) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
An immunodeficiency disorder. Opportunistic pathogen, a form of pneumonia, caused by the yeast-like fungus.
a. ) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
b. ) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
c. ) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex)
d. ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e. ) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
f. ) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever
a.) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
Commonly found in everyday environment
A form of cancer involving multiple tumors of the lymph nodes or skin, occurring chiefly in people with depressed immune systems, e.g., as a result of AIDS. Cancer of the cells that line the walls of the smaller blood vessels of the body. Causes reddish/purple bumps.
a. ) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
b. ) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
c. ) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex)
d. ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e. ) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
f. ) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever
e.) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Pathological immune response, following sensitization, to antigens that don’t normally affect most people. Type I hypersensitivity disorder. S/S: itchy, water eyes, sneezing, asthma, eczema, hives.
a. ) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
b. ) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
c. ) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex)
d. ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e. ) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
f. ) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever
f.) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever
An opportunistic infection that takes advantage of a weakened immune system. It can infect one part of your body, such as your lungs, bones, or intestines.
a. ) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
b. ) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
c. ) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex) opportunistic
d. ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e. ) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
f. ) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever
c.) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex)
Bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis.
a. ) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
b. ) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
c. ) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex)
d. ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e. ) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
f. ) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever
d.) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Hypersensitivity Disorders
Type I, II, and III are mediated by ______ but type IV is mediated by ______.
Type I, II, and III are mediated by antibodies but type IV is mediated by T cells.
Types I, II, III → antibodies
Type IV → T cells
Hypersensitivity Disorder
T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity disorders.
a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV
d.) Type IV
Type I → IgE-mediated, or immediate hypersensitivty disorders
Type II → Antibody-mediated / Cytotoxic disorders
Type III → Immune complex-mediated disorders
Type IV → T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity disorders
