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MSK/Skin > Path review2 > Flashcards

Path review2 Flashcards

1
Q

flat lesion under .5 cm

A

macule

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2
Q

flat lesion over .5 cm

A

patch

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3
Q

small elevated lesion

A

papule

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4
Q

solid lesion larger than .5 cm

A

nodule

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5
Q

small blister

A

vesicle

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6
Q

large blister

A

bullae

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7
Q

large elevated flat topped area

A

plaque

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8
Q

epidermal hyperplasia

A

acanthosis

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9
Q

retention of nuclei in stratum corneum

A

parakaratosis

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10
Q

loss of cellular connections

A

acantholysis

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11
Q

increased intercellular edema

A

spongiosis

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12
Q

effect of sun exposure on melanocytes

A

increases number

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13
Q

cell type: basal layer, small halo

A

melanocytes

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14
Q

differences between nevis and melanoma

A

melanoma: multicolored, larger, irregular borders, asymmetrical, andy “change”

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15
Q

“pagetoid spread”

A

melanoma

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16
Q

focal melanocyte hyperplasia

A

lentigo

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17
Q

gives a near 100% chance of melanoma

A

dysplastic nevi syndrome

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18
Q

most important prognostic indicators (2)of melanoma

A

sentinal lymph node and depth of invasion

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19
Q

def: eburnation

A

polished bone

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20
Q

eburantion found in

A

OA

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21
Q

distal joint involved in which arthritis

A

OA

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22
Q

osteophytes found in:

A

OA

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23
Q

morning pain in which arthritis

A

RA

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24
Q

HLA-DR4 associated with

A

RA

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25
Q

HLA B27 diagnostic for

A

ankylosing spondy

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26
Q

joints fused in ankylosing spondy

A

veterbrae, sacro-iliac

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27
Q

conjunctivitis, urethritis, peripherial arthritis and skin pustles

A

reiter’s syndrome

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28
Q

bad prognosis in psoriatic arthritis

A

HLA B27

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29
Q

dislocation, DIP joints involved, possible bone collapse for bone resorbtion

A

psoriatic arthritis

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30
Q

major bugs in septic arthritis

A

staph A, N gonorrhea, TB

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31
Q

crystal in actual gout

A

urate salts (needle shaped)

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32
Q

crystal type and shape in pseudogout

A

calcium pyrophosphate, rhomboid

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33
Q

major clinical diff between gout and pseudogout

A

gout is usually big toe, pseudogout can be any

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34
Q

mutation in achondroplasia

A

FGFR3

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35
Q

lethal homozygosity

A

achondroplasia

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36
Q

effect of FGFR3 mutation in achrondroplasia

A

constantly activated, which inhibits chondroblasts, leading to decreased long bone growth

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37
Q

collagen defect in ostogenesis imperfecta

A

type I

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38
Q

blue schlera found in

A

OI

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39
Q

deficiency in carbonic anydrase II

A

osteopetrosis

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40
Q

bone is thickened but weak

A

osteopetrosis

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41
Q

test for osteoperosis

A

DEXA scan

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42
Q

fractures found in osteoperosis

A

verterbra and femoral neck

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43
Q

increased bone remodeling in older people

A

Paget’s disease

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44
Q

chalk stick fracture, deafness, increased hat size

A

Paget’s disease

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45
Q

Paget’s disease has a risk of

A

osteosarcoma and giant cell tumor of bone

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46
Q

fancy term for rickets

A

osteomalacia

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47
Q

signs of rickets in kids

A

bowed legs and rib nodules

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48
Q

brown tumor in lungs a sign of

A

parathyroidism

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49
Q

cause of secondary hyperPTH

A

hypocalcemia

50
Q

organ malfunction that can lead to hyperPTH

A

kidney (renal osteodysttophy)

51
Q

causes of avascular necrosis

A

fracture, chronic steroids, thromboembolism, vasculitis, sickle cell

52
Q

radiological findings in avascular necrosis

A

flattening of articular surfaces

53
Q

places to find avascular necrosis

A

shoulder,knee, hip, scaphoid

54
Q

most common cancers that met to bone

A

breast, lung, thyroid (follicular), kidney (renal cell) and prostate (osteoblastic)

55
Q

most common benign bone tumor

A

osteochondroma

56
Q

medullary cavity communicates with tumor medullary cavity

A

osteochondroma

57
Q

smaller cartilige cap (< 1.5 cm)

A

osteochondroma

58
Q

larger cartilage (>1.5cm) cap

A

chondrosarcoma

59
Q

benign neoplasm of older pts

A

endchondoma

60
Q

signs endochondroma has become malignant

A

pain, bony erosion or extension to soft tissue

61
Q

benign but locally aggressive tumor

A

giant cell tumor

62
Q

giant cell tumors arise in the

A

epiphysis

63
Q

translocation in Ewing’s Sarcoma

A

11:22 (Fli-1/EWS)

64
Q

bimodal age distribution malignant tumor

A

osteosarcoma

65
Q

periostial elevaltion

A

osteosarcoma

66
Q

invades bone and soft tissue

A

chondrosarcoma

67
Q

highly aggressive bone cancer

A

osteosarcoma

68
Q

usually effects the knee (bone cancer)

A

osteosarcoma

69
Q

usually effets long bones and pelvis of kids

A

ewing’s

70
Q

fried egg histology

A

ewing’s

71
Q

PTCH mutation

A

gorlin

72
Q

acoutsic neuroma, meningiomas

A

NFII

73
Q

2/22 translocation

A

muir torre

74
Q

autosomal recessive skin syndrome

A

XP

75
Q

seizures, mental retardation, angiofibroblastomas, rhabdo

A

tuberous schlerosis

76
Q

skin syndrome with risk of breast and thyroid cancer

A

cowden’s disease

77
Q

neuromas cafe au lait spots lisch nodules

A

NFI

78
Q

hamartin and tuberin mutation

A

tuberous schlerosis

79
Q

pathway of PTCH mutation

A

PTCH/SMO normally bound unless activited by SHH. In mutation thay are always unbound, leading to unregulated cell growth –> basal cell carcinoma

80
Q

urticaria is what kind of hypersensitivity reaction

A

type 1

81
Q

type of hypersensitivy reaction in contact dermatitis/eczema

A

IV

82
Q

targeted lesions

A

erythema multiforme

83
Q

lots of lymphocytes at derm/epiderm junction with dying keratinocytes

A

erythema multiforme

84
Q

erythema multiforme over 10-30% of body

A

steven johnson

85
Q

erythema multiforme over 30%

A

Total epidermal necrosis

86
Q

cause of stevens johnson

A

sulfa drugs

87
Q

nail pitting found in

A

psorisis

88
Q

well demarcated salmon plaque with silver scale

A

psoriasis

89
Q

pathogensis of psorisis

A

T cell infiltration, secretes growth factors, leading to epidermal hyperplasis

90
Q

diseases associated with psoriasis

A

arthritis, AIDS, depression, myopathy,CV dz, enteropathy

91
Q

sawtoothing and civatte bodies

A

lichen plantus

92
Q

puritic, purple, polygonal, papules and plaques

A

lichen planus

93
Q

aassociated with hep C

A

lichen planus

94
Q

superficial and deep infiltrate with keratin pluging and mucin

A

lupus erythematous

95
Q

fish net IF

A

pemphigus vulgaris

96
Q

easily rupturing, superbasal blisters

A

pemphigus vulgaris

97
Q

type of reaction in pemphigus vulgaris

A

type II with IgG antibodies against desmogleins

98
Q

tense, fluid bullae

A

bulloid pemphigus

99
Q

linear pattern on IF and large tense blisters

A

bullous pemphigoid

100
Q

type of rxn in bullous pemphigoid

A

type II against BPAa1/2

101
Q

granular IgA on IF

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

102
Q

linked to celiac

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

103
Q

subepidermal blister with neuttophils

A

dermititis herpetiformis

104
Q

linear basement membrane IF with blisters forming in areas of trauma

A

epidermolysis bullosa aquisita

105
Q

antibody in dermatitis herpetiformis

A

IgA

106
Q

antibody against collagen type VII

A

EBA

107
Q

round plauques appearing stuck on

A

seborrieic keratosis

108
Q

mutations in FGF3 receptor

A

seborrheic keratosis

109
Q

appearance of seborrieic keratosis should make you be on the lookout for

A

GI cancer

110
Q

precancerous growth associated with sun damage, and “horns”

A

actinic keratosis

111
Q

caused by sun damage TT dimers

A

SCC

112
Q

malignant nests of keratinocytes

A

SCC

113
Q

pearly white papule with telangetasia and central ulceration

A

BCC

114
Q

VERY VERY VERY rarely metastasizes

A

BCC

115
Q

firm brown papule on legs of long people

A

dermatofibroma

116
Q

honeycomb pattern with spindled cells

A

dermatofibrosarcoma

117
Q

dermatofibroma positive for

A

CD34

118
Q

bean shaped cells and tennis racket on EM

A

langerhans cell histiocytosis

119
Q

erythema and edema when rubbed

A

mastocytosis

120
Q

+ for CD117

A

mastocytosis

MSK/Skin (18 decks)

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