Path review2 Flashcards
1
Q
flat lesion under .5 cm
A
macule
2
Q
flat lesion over .5 cm
A
patch
3
Q
small elevated lesion
A
papule
4
Q
solid lesion larger than .5 cm
A
nodule
5
Q
small blister
A
vesicle
6
Q
large blister
A
bullae
7
Q
large elevated flat topped area
A
plaque
8
Q
epidermal hyperplasia
A
acanthosis
9
Q
retention of nuclei in stratum corneum
A
parakaratosis
10
Q
loss of cellular connections
A
acantholysis
11
Q
increased intercellular edema
A
spongiosis
12
Q
effect of sun exposure on melanocytes
A
increases number
13
Q
cell type: basal layer, small halo
A
melanocytes
14
Q
differences between nevis and melanoma
A
melanoma: multicolored, larger, irregular borders, asymmetrical, andy “change”
15
Q
“pagetoid spread”
A
melanoma
16
Q
focal melanocyte hyperplasia
A
lentigo
17
Q
gives a near 100% chance of melanoma
A
dysplastic nevi syndrome
18
Q
most important prognostic indicators (2)of melanoma
A
sentinal lymph node and depth of invasion
19
Q
def: eburnation
A
polished bone
20
Q
eburantion found in
A
OA
21
Q
distal joint involved in which arthritis
A
OA
22
Q
osteophytes found in:
A
OA
23
Q
morning pain in which arthritis
A
RA
24
Q
HLA-DR4 associated with
A
RA
25
HLA B27 diagnostic for
ankylosing spondy
26
joints fused in ankylosing spondy
veterbrae, sacro-iliac
27
conjunctivitis, urethritis, peripherial arthritis and skin pustles
reiter's syndrome
28
bad prognosis in psoriatic arthritis
HLA B27
29
dislocation, DIP joints involved, possible bone collapse for bone resorbtion
psoriatic arthritis
30
major bugs in septic arthritis
staph A, N gonorrhea, TB
31
crystal in actual gout
urate salts (needle shaped)
32
crystal type and shape in pseudogout
calcium pyrophosphate, rhomboid
33
major clinical diff between gout and pseudogout
gout is usually big toe, pseudogout can be any
34
mutation in achondroplasia
FGFR3
35
lethal homozygosity
achondroplasia
36
effect of FGFR3 mutation in achrondroplasia
constantly activated, which inhibits chondroblasts, leading to decreased long bone growth
37
collagen defect in ostogenesis imperfecta
type I
38
blue schlera found in
OI
39
deficiency in carbonic anydrase II
osteopetrosis
40
bone is thickened but weak
osteopetrosis
41
test for osteoperosis
DEXA scan
42
fractures found in osteoperosis
verterbra and femoral neck
43
increased bone remodeling in older people
Paget's disease
44
chalk stick fracture, deafness, increased hat size
Paget's disease
45
Paget's disease has a risk of
osteosarcoma and giant cell tumor of bone
46
fancy term for rickets
osteomalacia
47
signs of rickets in kids
bowed legs and rib nodules
48
brown tumor in lungs a sign of
parathyroidism
49
cause of secondary hyperPTH
hypocalcemia
50
organ malfunction that can lead to hyperPTH
kidney (renal osteodysttophy)
51
causes of avascular necrosis
fracture, chronic steroids, thromboembolism, vasculitis, sickle cell
52
radiological findings in avascular necrosis
flattening of articular surfaces
53
places to find avascular necrosis
shoulder,knee, hip, scaphoid
54
most common cancers that met to bone
breast, lung, thyroid (follicular), kidney (renal cell) and prostate (osteoblastic)
55
most common benign bone tumor
osteochondroma
56
medullary cavity communicates with tumor medullary cavity
osteochondroma
57
smaller cartilige cap (< 1.5 cm)
osteochondroma
58
larger cartilage (>1.5cm) cap
chondrosarcoma
59
benign neoplasm of older pts
endchondoma
60
signs endochondroma has become malignant
pain, bony erosion or extension to soft tissue
61
benign but locally aggressive tumor
giant cell tumor
62
giant cell tumors arise in the
epiphysis
63
translocation in Ewing's Sarcoma
11:22 (Fli-1/EWS)
64
bimodal age distribution malignant tumor
osteosarcoma
65
periostial elevaltion
osteosarcoma
66
invades bone and soft tissue
chondrosarcoma
67
highly aggressive bone cancer
osteosarcoma
68
usually effects the knee (bone cancer)
osteosarcoma
69
usually effets long bones and pelvis of kids
ewing's
70
fried egg histology
ewing's
71
PTCH mutation
gorlin
72
acoutsic neuroma, meningiomas
NFII
73
2/22 translocation
muir torre
74
autosomal recessive skin syndrome
XP
75
seizures, mental retardation, angiofibroblastomas, rhabdo
tuberous schlerosis
76
skin syndrome with risk of breast and thyroid cancer
cowden's disease
77
neuromas cafe au lait spots lisch nodules
NFI
78
hamartin and tuberin mutation
tuberous schlerosis
79
pathway of PTCH mutation
PTCH/SMO normally bound unless activited by SHH. In mutation thay are always unbound, leading to unregulated cell growth --> basal cell carcinoma
80
urticaria is what kind of hypersensitivity reaction
type 1
81
type of hypersensitivy reaction in contact dermatitis/eczema
IV
82
targeted lesions
erythema multiforme
83
lots of lymphocytes at derm/epiderm junction with dying keratinocytes
erythema multiforme
84
erythema multiforme over 10-30% of body
steven johnson
85
erythema multiforme over 30%
Total epidermal necrosis
86
cause of stevens johnson
sulfa drugs
87
nail pitting found in
psorisis
88
well demarcated salmon plaque with silver scale
psoriasis
89
pathogensis of psorisis
T cell infiltration, secretes growth factors, leading to epidermal hyperplasis
90
diseases associated with psoriasis
arthritis, AIDS, depression, myopathy,CV dz, enteropathy
91
sawtoothing and civatte bodies
lichen plantus
92
puritic, purple, polygonal, papules and plaques
lichen planus
93
aassociated with hep C
lichen planus
94
superficial and deep infiltrate with keratin pluging and mucin
lupus erythematous
95
fish net IF
pemphigus vulgaris
96
easily rupturing, superbasal blisters
pemphigus vulgaris
97
type of reaction in pemphigus vulgaris
type II with IgG antibodies against desmogleins
98
tense, fluid bullae
bulloid pemphigus
99
linear pattern on IF and large tense blisters
bullous pemphigoid
100
type of rxn in bullous pemphigoid
type II against BPAa1/2
101
granular IgA on IF
dermatitis herpetiformis
102
linked to celiac
dermatitis herpetiformis
103
subepidermal blister with neuttophils
dermititis herpetiformis
104
linear basement membrane IF with blisters forming in areas of trauma
epidermolysis bullosa aquisita
105
antibody in dermatitis herpetiformis
IgA
106
antibody against collagen type VII
EBA
107
round plauques appearing stuck on
seborrieic keratosis
108
mutations in FGF3 receptor
seborrheic keratosis
109
appearance of seborrieic keratosis should make you be on the lookout for
GI cancer
110
precancerous growth associated with sun damage, and "horns"
actinic keratosis
111
caused by sun damage TT dimers
SCC
112
malignant nests of keratinocytes
SCC
113
pearly white papule with telangetasia and central ulceration
BCC
114
VERY VERY VERY rarely metastasizes
BCC
115
firm brown papule on legs of long people
dermatofibroma
116
honeycomb pattern with spindled cells
dermatofibrosarcoma
117
dermatofibroma positive for
CD34
118
bean shaped cells and tennis racket on EM
langerhans cell histiocytosis
119
erythema and edema when rubbed
mastocytosis
120
+ for CD117
mastocytosis
