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Test 8 > Path 2 Intestines > Flashcards

Path 2 Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

Obstruction bowel sounds

A

Increased, high pitched

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2
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of peritoneum into abdominal defect

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3
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of distal section into proximal section

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4
Q

Volvulus

A
  • Twisting of bowel loop around mesenteric base

- Commonly sigmoid

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5
Q

Atresia

A
  • Complete obsturction

- Commonly duodenum

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6
Q

Stenosis

A
  • Incomplete obstruction

- Commonly pylorus

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7
Q

Meckels Diverticulum

A
  • True diverticulum (all 4 layers of bowel)
  • Persistent segment of vitelline duct (yolk sack -> gut lumen)
  • 2 rule (2 inches long, 2% of pop, 2 feet from ileocecal valve)
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8
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A
  • Abnormal neural crest cell migration (Rectum +)
  • Absence of ganglion cells for auerback & meissners plexus -> tonic contraction
  • RET receptor kinase mutation (Down’s syndrome)
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9
Q

Hirschsprung Dx

A

Biopsy

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10
Q

Ischemic bowel disease

A

Any vascular obstruction

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11
Q

Ischemic bowel watershed zones

A
  • Splenic flexure

- Rectosigmoid colon

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12
Q

IBS - Hypoperfusion v. obstruction

A

Mural v. Transmural

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13
Q

Angiodysplasia

A
  • Malformed blood vessels in cecum & right colon

- Presents around 60 y/o

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14
Q

Dysentery

A

Painful bloody diarrhea

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15
Q

Diarrhea with blood/pus

A

Exudative

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16
Q

Diarrhea with steatorrhea

A

Malabsorption

17
Q

Diarrhea with hyperosmolarity

A

Osmotic and Malabsorption

18
Q

Diarrhea which persists on fasting

A

Secretory and Exudative

19
Q

Celiac Sprue

A
  • Malabsorption diarrhea (villous atrophy)
  • IgA to transglutaminase from Gluten
  • Antiendomysial antibodies
  • Dermatitis herpetiformis (IgA) 10%
20
Q

Abetalipoproteinemia

A
  • Deficiency of Apo B-48, Apo B-100
  • Defective LDL, VLDL, Chylomicron formation
  • Acanthocytic RBCs (Burr cells)
  • Enterocyte TG accumulation, lipid vacuoles
21
Q

Lactase deficiency

A

Disaccharidase deficiency

22
Q

Whipple disease

A
  • Cuased by Tropheryma Whippelii actinomyces
  • White males, 30-50y/o
  • Distended macrophages in lamina propria with PAS granules
  • Affects joints, CNS, intestines
23
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A
  • Meconium ileus (failure to pass)
  • Defects in Cl- secretion from intestine & pancreas
  • Absence of CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator)
24
Q

Collagenous Enterocolitis

A
  • Middle aged & older women

- Collagen band deposits under surface epithelium

25
Q

Lymphocytic Enterocolitis

A

Associated with autoimmune disease

26
Q

Enterocolitis presentation

A
  • Chronic watery diarrhea
  • Benign
  • Normal endoscopy

Test 8 (21 decks)

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