Past qs 4 Flashcards
For nutrition in ruminants, we divide the energy into 3 groups. What are they?
NEm NEl NEg
What is the meaning of PER?
Protein Efficiency Requirement ! weight gain of a test subject divided by its intake of a
particular food protein during the test period
In Hungary, protein requirement is given in CP for which animals?
CP - Birds
CP or DCP - Dogs, Cats
How is MP value calculated?
MP = MPE + MPN
When do we need zero N retention?
Adult bird - N intake = N output ! 0 N retention
Young/Growing bird - N intake > N output ! + N balance
Is N positive or negative in young animals?
Its positive!
Adult bird - N intake = N output ! 0 N retention
Young/Growing bird - N intake > N output - + N balance
What are pro-biotics made of?
Bacteria (mostly Lactobacilli), Fungi (yeast culutres)
Which 2 functions does adipose tissue have?
Storage and endocrine
What are the bacteria in the rumen protected by?
Competitive exclusion
What are repartitioning compounds?
β2-agonists - Increase proteins, decrease fat
What does Energy Density express?
How much energy there is in a feedstuff, related to its food unit
What mechanisms are responsible for short-term regulation of body composition?
The short-term regulation of feed intake (qualitative) is Homeostatic. Is controlled by
chemical factors such as blood glucose, feed, temperature, and physical factors such as
stomach capacity and food bulkiness.
What is NSP?
Non-Starch Polysaccharides -> e.g. Peas, beans. Roughage, dietary fibre.
Fermented in the caecum with gas productions
What is UDP?
Un-Digested Protein -> By-pass proteins. Proteins, which pass through the rumen without being digested
How would you determine Nutrient Digestibility by a total collection method?
Amount of feed intake during a 24-hour period + Collection of faeces
(Intake – Output) / Intake
Name an indicator in faeces:
Mn, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, Lignin (indigestible substances)
Organic matter = ?
DM – Ash
What is the combustion energy of uric acid?
34.4 KJ/g
What can one calculate with the content of urine?
ME = GE – Faecal – Urine – Gas NE = GE – Faecal – Urine – Gas – Heat loss
Why is it forbidden to use STH as a growth factor?
Long-term fat mobilization
What is the buffer capacity in milk, egg shell, and bone?
Egg shell and bone have the same buffer capacity. Milk has none.
What is metabiosis?
Metabiosis -> a relationship between 2 species where one is dependent upon the other for
survival -> Commensalism
What is disbisois?
Disbiosis -> A condition where the typical distribution of microbes in the body is disturbed ->
Microbial imbalance
What is the substitution number?
Substitution number -> The decrement of forage DM intake (kg) when 1kg DM of concentrate
is offered.
How can bacterial prevention be done?
Drastic barrier -> Complete exclusion of exogenous microbes
Permissive barrier -> Limiting possibilities of bacteria to multiply
How can energy metabolism be measured?
Direct calorimeter (bio-calorimeter) Indirect calorimeter
What is the acid number?
Acid Number -> The mass of KOH (in mg) required to neutralize 1g of chemical substance. It
is a measure of rancidity of fat.
What is the peroxide value?
Peroxide Value -> Of an oil or fat. Measure of fat rancidity
It is the amount of peroxide oxygen per 1kg of fat. The peroxide can be titrated with Na-thiosulfate.
What is the water content of muscles?
70-80%
With which method do you measure body composition and water compartments?
Dilution method
What is meant by water vegetation?
Water Vegetation -> The amount of water in food
What is UFP?
Urea Fermentable Potential
How can you measure CF?
Boil sample in H2SO4, neutralize with distilled water, boil again in NaOH, filter, wash, dry, and
measure CF
Hence acid AND base used!
Which of the following statements regarding aging is true?
Aging is associated with increased susceptibility and decreased capacity to resist or repair injury
In the short term, weighing patients frequently is most useful in evaluating the status of:
Water
A body condition score of 5 of 5 BCS system indicates:
Obesity
The protein requirements of old dogs:
Must be individualized
Tables created according to the New Protein Evaluation System for Ruminants express the protein content of the feeds in the form of:
Both of them (A+B)
MPN, MPE
The optimum Nitrogen : Sulfur ratio in Dairy Cow diets is:
10:1
They are storage Fungi:
Aspergillus genus
Body Condition Score (BCS) is:
An estimation of the fat cover of the body and an indicator of body energy reserves or the lack of them
The Energy Density expresses how many:
Net Energy is in the feedstuff related to 1 Fulfillment Unit (NE/UE)
Biological Value (BV) index is:
The proportion of absorbed nitrogen that is retained
Its determination is made by direct chemical analysis: A. Organic matter B. NFE C. Both D. Neither of them
Neither of them
Neither organic matter nor N-free extract
NDF minus ADF equal to…
Hemicellulose
Hemicellulose = NDF – ADF
Cellulose = ADF – Lignin
It is chemically determined according to its nitrogen content:
Crude protein
They belong to the group of nutraceuticals:
Organic acids
(Nutraceuticals is a broad umbrella term that is used to describe any product derived from food sources with extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value found in foods)
Which of the following measurements provides a definitive statement on nutritional health? A. History and diet assessement B. Physical examination C. Clinical chemistry D. None af the above alone
D.None of the above alone
Ration of Beef Cattle can be supplemented by urea when:
Both of them (A+B)
The UFP is positive. The rumen protein balance is negative.
PSE muscle by VESD in living animal is present in:
Growing-Fattening pig
