Past qs 3 Flashcards
What is ‘q’?
ME/GE * 100
How is the DM intake approaching formula calculated in the case of Dairy Cows?
Metabolic Body Weight + Fat corrected milk production
How is the DM intake approaching formula calculated in the case of Chicken?
Metabolic Temperature + Egg production
How is the DM intake approaching formula calculated in the case of Beef Cattle?
Metabolic Body Weight + Net Energy
Measurement of body composition via density measurement is done by:
Archimedes principle ! the apparent weight loss of a body immersed in a fluid equals to the
weight of the dispersed fluid.
What are indicator bacteria?
Saprophytes
In Wendee Analysis, what is the part that does not contain Nitrogen?
NFE (Nitrogen Free Extract)
A calculated value determined by subtracting form the Dry Matter…the Crude Protein, Crude
Fiber, Ether Extract and crude Ash
NFE = DM – (CP+CF+EE+Ash)
What is the effect of induced mutation?
There is an increase in essential amino-acid production
How would the requirements be saturated during the first lactation days of Dairy Cattle?
Increased by 20%
Energy Density = ?
Cow - NE/UE = Energy Density
Chicken - ME/UE = Energy Density
What is a silo?
A building for the storage of silage; a place for herbal fermentation. Can be a horizontal or
upright tower; or a plastic bag.
What does Silo Discount Factor mean?
A number that when multiplied by 100, shows the decrement of the nutrients’ digestibility
when the feeding level is enhanced by 1 unit
e.g. It is 0.053 for Corn
Should one calculate DE with the excretion content in the urine?
No. Calculate DE with the excretion content in the faeces only.
For ME; the TOTAL excreted content (faeces and urine) should be calculated
Why are the growth promoters such as CuSO4 not always successful?
Due to genetic environment interaction
How can the bacteria in the rumen be influenced?
Via temperature, pH, and antibiotics
In which species does nutrition have a role in ovulation?
Sheep - the status of the ova changes when there is a change in energy
What is PER (Protein Efficacy Ratio)?
Weight gain per weight of protein eaten
PER = Weight gain / Crude Protein intake
Buffer capacity?
Amino acids have a buffer capacity due to their amphoteric nature
What does protein overdose damage?
Change of uteral fluid (pH, composition)
Causes a possible delay of conception in cattle
The new protein calculating system (protein digestibility system) pays attention to:
Protein degraded in the rumen which are metabolized into microbial protein
(in addition to the Bypass/UDP protein)
RQ?
Respiratory Quotient. Used in calculations of the basal metabolic rate. For carbohydrates it is
1, fats 0.7, protein 0.8-0.9
CO2 eliminated / CO2 consumed
In Hungary, protein requirement is given in DCP (Digestible Crude Protein) for which animals?
Horse, Pig, Rabbit
The optimal N:S ratio in Dairy Cattle is:
1:10
Sheep - 7:1
Beef cattle - 15:1
What is the rumen buffer?
Mostly NaHCO3 also MgO
What does eubiosis mean?
Gut flora is in equilibrium ! main flora is >90% of total flora
What do you have to use when calculating DE?
Feed intake
Gross energy of feed intake
Faecal output
Gross energy of faecal output
What bad effects do GIT parasites cause?
Less nutrients available for the host
What is INQ?
Index of Nutritional Quality ! Nutrient allowance / Energy allowance related to the
requirements
What is the term for by-pass proteins used in calculations?
UDP (Undegradable Dietary Proteins)
How much an animal will eat is regulated by:
Short term control (Homeostatic control) and Long term control (Homeorhetic control)
In Dairy Cows, maintenance energy is expressed in:
NEl
Heat treatment – Ammonia = ?
Ammonia is liberated, along with H2S, from the decomposition of Cys and Ser
Time of the first fertile ovulation is mainly determined by:
Growth and body composition
What is the Kellner System?
Starch Equivalent Unit, Net system for body fat production, Fat producing power of pure
nutrients relative to the fat producing power of starch (248g fat / 1kg fat)
Computerized feed calculations also give:
Which feedstuff should be combined
What information should be given in case of computerized feed calculation?
Name of feedstuff, combination, requirement, minimum and maximum values
What are depository (storage) fungae?
Storage Fungi - Aspergillus, Penicillum, Mucor, Fusarium
Field Fungi - fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Stachybotritis, Ergosterum
What does Energy Density mean?
Energy Density - the amount of net energy in a feedstuff related to its food unit
Expression of energy requirements of Beef Cattle:
NEM and NEg
What is an adipocyte?
Cell making up primarily adipose tissue, and is specialized in storing energy as fat. Also an
endocrine cell
What is BV?
Biological Value - measure of amount of True Protein absorbed from the intestinal tract, and
how well the digestive system converts it to amino acids. Proportion of absorbed Nitrogen
that is retained for maintenance of growth
BV = Retained N / Absorbed N
What is GTF?
Glucose Tolerance Factor - Chromodulin. A trivalent chromium molecule, which may
enhance insulin utilization.
What is caused by reactions of proteins?
NH3
Liberation of NH3 during processes of feed shows that there are:
Reactions between protein molecules
What is IgY?
An antibody in egg yolk with an activity similar to IgA. Protects the mucous membrane in
newborns
Which tissue is responsible for the long-term regulation of body composition?
Adipose tissue
Formula for corrected DE?
DE*(1 - 2DF)
ME = ?
ME = DE – gaseous and urinary loss
What is the most important factor for microorganism production in the rumen?
Moisture
What is the pH of the rumen?
6.2 – 6.8
