Minerals and vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Which vitamin helps to prevent osteomalacia in humans

A

Vitamin D

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2
Q

The cats capacity to transform carotene in Vitamina A is

A

29%

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3
Q

Mineral having similar skin and mucosa membrane effect at as the vitamin A

A

Zn

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4
Q

Forage generally have

A

Higher Ca content than P content

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5
Q

Cannibalism in poultry may be caused by deficiency of

A

Na

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6
Q

Iron level in milk is low, because

A

To prevent mastitis

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7
Q

It improves the effect of vitamin D

A

Vitamin C

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8
Q

Riboflavin deficiency also causes conjunctivitis with cornea vascularization and muscular weakness, It occurs rarely in dogs and farm animals. In birds it causes fall in energy production, poor growth and

A

Curled toe paralysis

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9
Q

One of the deficiency syndromes in sheep may be cenderiva

A

Vitamin K, Fe, Cu, Co

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10
Q

It deficiency is jaw tetany

A

Mg

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11
Q

Turkey- perosis due to which protein deficiency

A

Biotin, niacin, choline, folic acid, Mn

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12
Q

Metabolism and its regulation of Na and Fe?

A

Natural detergent fibre
On level of absorption: Fe
On level of oaccurence: Na, F, I
Bipolar regulation: Zn, Cu, Mn

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13
Q

Fe limitation

A

Overdose-> poisoning, damage the immune-system

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14
Q

Antivitamin K

A

Dicumarol

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15
Q

Antivitamin A

A

Lipogenesis

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16
Q

Antivitamin D

A

Raw soybeans

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17
Q

Antivitamin E

A

Gossypol

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18
Q

Anti Biotin

A

Avidin

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19
Q

Anti B12

A

Raw soybean

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20
Q

Deficiency of these minerals gives alimentary sterility

A

P and Mn

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21
Q

Lectins

A

Difficulties in Ca absorption

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22
Q

For the perosis it is not true

A

Its main cause is biotin deficiency

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23
Q

Biotin deficiency cause shaker syndrome in

A

Sow (turkey: perosis, boar: skin, mink: skin)

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24
Q

High amount of vitamin C presents

A

Bad effect of alfalfa and toxin in chicken

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25
Q

Which of the vitamin where both overdose and deficiency cause malformation in foetus or abortion

A

Vitamin A

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26
Q

Increase concentration of these vitmains are inner —- in sow

A

Biotin and folic acid

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27
Q

For the transformation of carotene to vitamin A, in cow it is necessary to present (2 things)

A

P and Zn

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28
Q

Vitamin E and Se deficiency transformation Ioxa virus B3 to a pathogen, causes

A

Cardiomyopathy

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29
Q

Keshan disease is a Se deficiency and causes..

A

Cardiomyopathy

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30
Q

Germ free animals can have different vitamin requirements and need..

A

Extra vitamin K

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31
Q

What can vitamin A hypervitaminosis cause

A

Abortion and malformation

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32
Q

Vitamin E deficiency (+Se) can lead to

A

Zenker’s myodegradation

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33
Q

Vitamin D hypervitaminosis can cause (x100)

A

100x too much: calcification of aorta and kidney, abortion and stillborn

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34
Q

In pigs the effect of deficiency of this mineral causes parakeratosis

A

Zn (increase of Ca and secondary Zn deficiency)

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35
Q

Vitamin found only in animal tissues

A

B12

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36
Q

Deficiency of this vitamin causes perosis

A

Niacin, Biotin, Mn, Folic acid, Cholin

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37
Q

One of its deficiency syndromes is oedema of eyelids

A

Vitamin B6

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38
Q

What causes curled toe disease?

A

Deficiency of B2 (riboflavin)

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39
Q

What vitamin causes oedema

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

Of the eyelid-> B6 deficiency

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40
Q

Indicator in faeces given orally

A

Mn

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41
Q

Zn

A

Inales

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42
Q

Mn and P

A

Females

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43
Q

One of its deficiency syndromes is opostohonus in lambs

A

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

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44
Q

Its deficiency syndrome can be fatal

A

Mg (gracing cow)

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45
Q

What is GTF what mineral is related

A

Glucose tolerance factor, Cr (Ni)

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46
Q

One of its deficiency symptoms is distorsion of breast bone in poultry

A

Vitamin D

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47
Q

Encephalomolacia is caused by

A

Vitamin E deficiency

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48
Q

Vitamin A in human is 100 that will cause

A

Liver will produce less energy than Vitamin A

Related to requirements, liver produces 100x more vitamin A than energy

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49
Q

What causes papilloedema

A

Vitamin A in calves

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50
Q

Which is good to control in –

A

I, iodine

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51
Q

Which mineral is limiting for rumen protein synthesis

A

S

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52
Q

Ca and P in roughage. which is higher?

A

Higher Ca than P

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53
Q

Ca: P ratio in pasture grass

A

2:1

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54
Q

Thickened joint is caused by mineral..

A

Mn, enlarged hock joint

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55
Q

Its low level can limit milk production in dairy cow

A

Na (also decreases taste sensation in sheep)

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56
Q

Which vitamin shortens the tibia in guinea pig

A

Vitamin C

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57
Q

By only eating vegetables…

A

B12 of animal origin

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58
Q

B. glucuronase

A

Barley in poultry

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59
Q

Encephalomalacia is caused by

A

Vitamin E deficiency

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60
Q

Zn deficiency causes

A

Decreased sperm quality

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61
Q

Edema of eyelids caused by

A

B6 eyelid edema

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62
Q

Good control in milk

A

Iodine

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63
Q

Overdose decreases the absorption of Zn and Mn

A

Ca

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64
Q

Bullterrier- prevent dermatitis

A

Zn (Bedlington terrier- Cu)

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65
Q

Goose stepping in pigs is caused by

A

Panthothenic acid deficiency, B5

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66
Q

Anti- cancer vitamin

A

Carotene (vitamin E)

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67
Q

Causes secondary hypoparathyroidism in cat

A

Excessive P (hyper caused by vitamin D deficiency)

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68
Q

This vitamin causes scaly dermatitis in pig

A

B6- exudative, generilzed (Niacin B3- Dry, degeneralized)

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69
Q

In case of fall of hair caused by biotin deficiency in cats one has not to be differentiated from

A

Taurine deficiency

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70
Q

The inheritable imperfect Zn absorption is more frequent in

A

Dogs; husky, malamute, German Shepard

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71
Q

Inheritable copper retentation trouble is more frequent at

A

Bedlington terrier (Wilson. Menek disease, humans too, sex linked disease)

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72
Q

Concentration of which element is unipolar through absorption?

A

Fe, Na

Bipolar > Zn, Cu, Se

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73
Q

Vitamin A relative?

A

Zn and P are needed for carotene to vit. A transformation

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74
Q

What is an important element for females?

A

P Mn

Se deficiency causes general fertility problems.

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75
Q

What can cause 2° Cu deficiency?

A

Mg, Se

Increased loss of Cu via faeces

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76
Q

What is the Vitamin K anti-vitamin?

A

Dicumarol (Melilotus) and Warfarin/Cumarin (rat poison)

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77
Q

What improves the immune state of a cow, right after parturition?

A

Chromium

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78
Q

Instead of Carbon, this ground substance can be built into organic matters, and in humans it decreases the danger for arteriosclerosis:

A

Br and S

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79
Q

Deficiency of these substances causes alimentary insufficiency:

A

Mn and P

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80
Q

Deficiency of the substance gives dermatitis all over the body:

A

B2 (riboflavin) deficiency ! Dry and generalized dermatitis

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81
Q

Which deficiency can result in night blindness?

A

Vitamin A and Zinc

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82
Q

What does Vitamin C deficiency cause in Guinea pigs?

A

Prone position, taking weight off atrophied muscles
Other effects of Vitamin C deficiency ! Scurvy in humans, diffuse bleeding of skin and joints, fractures, tibial dyschondroplasia

83
Q

What kind of deficiency results in poor feather development and dermatitis in
fowl?

A

Pantothenic acid

84
Q

Biotin deficiency in foxes is caused by:

A

Feeding with rancid feed. Feeding avidin

85
Q

What is a typical cause of parturient paraesis (milk fever)?

A

A decrease of Ca2+ in the blood; and a relatively low Ca:P ratio

86
Q

What kind of deficiencies cause anemia?

A

Vitamins K, B12 (cobalamine), B9 (folic acid). Minerals Fe, Cu

87
Q

What type of deficiency is common in new-born piglets?

A

Fe deficiency

88
Q

What effect does increased or decreased Fe have on the immune system?

A

Depresses immune-competence ! More sensitive to pathogens

89
Q

What kind of deficiency causes parakeratosis in pigs?

A

Zn deficiency

90
Q

This vitamin is found in animal tissue:

A

Vitamin B12 and B5

91
Q

This deficiency causes encephalomalacia:

A

Vitamin E

92
Q

It can cause abortion:

A

PRRS > Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome

93
Q

A deficiency in these substances can cause perosis:

A

Mn, Biotin, Folic acid, Niacin, Choline

94
Q

What are Zn and Methionine?

A

Chelates

95
Q

What are the fat burners?

A

Chromium (trivalent or yeast) and L-carnitine

96
Q

What ground substance is measured in the milk?

A

Iodine

Na > Can be measured in saliva, faeces, and urine

97
Q

An example of a biogenic amine?

A

Histamine, Tyramine, Tryptamine, Acetylcholine, Serotonine, Cathecholamines, Nor-
epinephrine, Epinephrine, Dopamine

98
Q

Which biogenic amine can cause feed allergy with skin syndromes?

A

Histamine

99
Q

Which of these compounds does not inhibit the retention of fat? i.e. allows fat
accumulation:

A

D-carnithine

100
Q

What is the active part of GTF?

A

Glucose Tolerant Factor > Trivalent chromium

101
Q

What deficiency causes grass tetany?

A

Mg

102
Q

What is not true about perosis?

A
It is a tendon development problem
Perosis > Perosis or chondrodystrophy is encountered in young birds whose diet is deficient
in manganese (Mn) or some of the following vitamins: choline, nicotic acid, pyridoxine, biotin
or folic acid. This is an anatomic deformation of leg bones in young chickens, turkey poults,
pheasant poults etc.
103
Q

Which of these tests are best for checking vitamin A?

A

RDR > Relative Dose Response

104
Q

In which animal does the biotin deficiency cause the Sneaker Syndrome?

A

Sow

105
Q

High amount of vitamin C prevents what in chicken?

A

The negative effect from aflatoxin

106
Q

Which vitamin when in both excess and deficient amount causes malformation in foetus and abortion?

A

Vitamin A

107
Q

Is it true that vitamin E and Selenium deficiency transform the Coxa virus B3 into a pathogen?

A

True
Vitamin E and Se deficiency > Stimulation of virus mutation ! Keshan disease;
cardiomyopathy

108
Q

Vitamin E deficiency can lead to:

A

Poultry > Myodegeneration in skeletal and myocardial muscles (Zenker). Also, muscle
atrophy of gizzard, yellow fat disease, encephalomacia.

109
Q

What happens during vitamin D hypervitaminosis?

A

X10/20 > Calcinosis, calcium deposits in any soft tissue

Higher doses > Calciphylaxis, vascular calcification

110
Q

What could be the cause of opistonus?

A

Vitamin B1 deficiency

111
Q

What can cause papillo-odema?

A

Vitamin A overdose > causes increased intracranial pressure which results in swelling of the optic disc

112
Q

What can cause odema of the eyelids?

A

Vitamin B6 deficiency

113
Q

Which amino acid is limiting for ruminal protein synthesis?

A

Met (essential) and Cys (non-essential)

114
Q

Name some anti-vitamin A nutrients:

A

Lipoxygenase

115
Q

An important ground substance for male:

A

Zn > Influences sperm quality

116
Q

What are the possible causes for Achilles tendon rupture?

A

Ca2+ deficiency causes a broken common calcaneus tendon in Beef Bulls

117
Q

Ca:P ration in different species:

A

1,3:1 > Monogastric animals

1,5:1 > Ruminants

118
Q

What kind of Lysine isomer can be utilized?

A

The one with the free epsilon amino group

119
Q

PSE muscle by VESD in living animal is present in?

A

Pigs > Pale Soft Exudative meat cause by vitamin E and Selenium deficiency

120
Q

By giving X4-8 more of vitamin B than normally required, the mean growth can be improved in which animal?

A

Fattening pig

121
Q

What is the Keshan disease found in China?

A

Cardiomyopathy caused by a mutation in Coxa virus activated by Se and vitamin E deficiency

122
Q

Name Niacin anti-vitamins:

A

Acetyl pyridine and Indol acetate

123
Q

Name the anti-vitamin A:

A

Lipoxygenase

124
Q

Name the anti-vitamin D:

A

Raw soybean

125
Q

Name the anti-vitamin E:

A

Gossypol

126
Q

Name the Biotin anti-vitamin:

A

Avidin

127
Q

The Keshan disease in China is:

A

A cardiomyopathy caused by Se deficiency

128
Q

It can help to prevent the human osteoporosis:

A

Vitamin K

129
Q

By a mega dose of vitamin C the harmful effect of aflatoxin B1 can be reduced in:

A

Poultry

130
Q

The 2° alimentary hyper-parathyroidism (all-meat syndrome) in cats can be caused by overfeeding of:

A

P

131
Q

Its presence is necessary for the carotene to vitamin A conversion in Dairy Cows:

A

Both of them (A+B)

P, Zn

132
Q

Atypical form of milk fever can occur when:

A

The relative blood Ca level is low related to the level of Mg and P

133
Q

The INQ value for vitamin A of liver is 100 for human, it means that:

A

Related to the requirements, liver provides 100 times more vitamin A than needed if eating enough to fulfilll the energy need for humans

134
Q

One of its deficiency syndromes is distortion of breast-bone in poultry:

A

Vitamin D

135
Q

Tables can contain not only the Total Phosphor content of the feeds, but also the amount of:

A

Available P

136
Q

The supply of Dairy Cows can be well evaluated according to its concentration in the milk:

A

Iodine

137
Q

By giving 4-8 times more from the group of vitamin B than the normal requirement, the lean growth can be improved in:

A

Swine

138
Q

One of its deficiency syndromes is opisthotonus:

A

Vitamin B1

139
Q

One of its deficiency syndromes is skipping (?) of the Achilles tendon in Beef Bulls:

A

Ca

140
Q

One of its deficiency syndromes in sheep may be anaemia:

A

Vitamin K, Fe, Cu, Co

141
Q

It’s deficiency syndrome is grass tetany:

A

Neither of them

Mg is

142
Q

They are chelates:

A

Met – Zn

143
Q

One of its deficiency syndromes is oedema of the eyelids:

A

Pyridoxine

144
Q

One of its deficiency syndromes is night blindness:

A

Vitamin A

145
Q

Homeostasis of Ca is regulated only on the level of excretion in:

A

Rabbit

146
Q

In case of fall of hair caused by Biotin deficiency in cats, one has not to differentiate it from:

A

Taurine deficiency

147
Q

The inheritable imperfect Zinc absorption is more frequent in:

A

Husky and Malamute. AND German Shepherd

148
Q

The inheritable Copper retention problem is more frequent in:

A

Bedlington Terrier

149
Q

In case of 2° renal hyper-parathyroidism, the following clinical signs will not occur:

A

Opitshotonus

150
Q

The cat’s capacity to transform carotene into vitamin A is:

A

Zero %

151
Q

Lack of this compound in cat’s diet may cause dilated cardiomyopathy and central retina degeneration:

A

Taurine

152
Q

One of its deficiency syndromes in birds is the cervical paralysis (stretched neck):

A

Folic acid

153
Q

Micro-mineral having similar skin and mucous membrane effect as the vitamin A:

A

Zn

154
Q

It has effects typically on the females’ ovaria:

A

Mn

155
Q

The first limiting amino acid for milk production:

A

Met

156
Q

In case of its deficiency, the ruminal protein synthesis can decrease:

A

Se

157
Q

If the ration of Dairy Cows is deficient in both Ca and P:

A

First you eliminate the Ca deficiency and after that the P deficiency by supplements

158
Q

It is an omega-6 type fatty acid:

A

Arachidonic acid

159
Q

They have higher Copper content in their milk:

A

Omnivores

160
Q

Metallothioneins are:

A

Proteins characterized affinity to metals

161
Q

Cannibalism may be caused by deficiency of:

A

Sodium

162
Q

Iron level is milk is low, because:

A

To prevent mastitis

163
Q

The idiopathic hyper-calcemia is not uncommon in: (i.e. is common in)

A

Cats

164
Q

Total absence of Zn absorption may cause death, because of:

A

Lack of SuperOxidase Dimutase (SOD) activity

165
Q

The hair analysis is a good indicator of:

A

Zn, Cu, Mn, Se

166
Q

They are very important in the immune response and cancer prevention:

A

Zn, Se

167
Q

Clinical signs of its toxicosis may be similar to the swine Mouth and Food Disease (MFD):

A

Se

168
Q

The calcitriol is a(n):

A

Both (A+B)

Hormone. Active vitamin

169
Q

Its overdose may cause toxicosis:

A

Axerophtol. Cholecalciferol

170
Q

Pirrolo-QuinoloQuinon (PQQ), the recent discovered vitamin can be found in:

A

Papaya

PQQ-rich foods include green tea, parsley, green peppers, kiwi fruit, papaya and tofu

171
Q

It has no gulonolactone-oxidase enzyme:

A

Bat. Shrimp
GULO activity has been lost in some species of bats, but others retain it. The loss of this
enzyme activity is responsible for the inability of guinea pigs and humans to enzymatically
synthesize vitamin C.

172
Q

It improves (allows, facilitates) the effect of vitamin D:

A

Vitamin C

173
Q

Its deficiency in egg may cause typical embryonal mortality in the chicken:

A

Both of them (A+B)

B2. B12

174
Q

Taurine is a vitamin-like substance only for:

A

Cats

175
Q

It may increase the sow’s litter size:

A

Both of them (A+B)

Pantothenic acid. Folic acid

176
Q

Some dog breeds accumulate:

A

Cu

177
Q

Cholecalciferol and Ergocalciferol are other names for:

A

Vitamin D

178
Q

What is Ghrelin?

A

Ghrelin > Hormone in stomach. Increases appetite. Secreted in epithelial cells lining the
fundus of stomach.

179
Q

Tryptophan to serotonin:

A

Vitamin B6

180
Q

Keratinization of mouth?

A

Vitamin A

181
Q

Deficiency of vitamin causes problems in heart/skeletal muscle in calf/lamb:

A

Vitamin E

182
Q

Von Soest method:

A

Cellulose = ADF – ADL

183
Q

T2 toxin:

A

Protein synthesis decreases, Opisthotonus

184
Q

Sex ratio:

A

Mn

185
Q

Curled toe disease:

A

Vitamin B2

186
Q

Papillo-odema:

A

Vitamin A

187
Q

One of its toxicity syndromes is exostosis on cervical vertebrae in cats:

A

Vitamin A

188
Q

One of its deficiency syndromes is the disturbed conception of heifers and cows:

A

Niacin

189
Q

One of the deficiency syndromes of pathothenic acid:

A

Poultry ‘cage-layer fatigue’

190
Q

One of its deficiency syndromes in poultry in encephelomalacia:

A

Vitamin E

191
Q

One of the deficiency syndromes is coma in calves fed an inappropriate milk replacer:

A

K

192
Q

It displays the main action in the protein and amino acid metabolism:

A

Vitamin B6

193
Q

It can decrease the incident of tumour cells:

A

Vitamin B12

194
Q

Status of supply can be evaluated based on Gluthathione reductase in RBCs:

A

Niacin

195
Q

One of its deficiency syndrome sis the ascending dermatitis in poultry:

A

Panthothenic acid

196
Q

Tryptophan to serotonin

A

Vitamin B6

197
Q

Keratinization of mouth

A

Vitamin A

198
Q

Deficiency of which vitamin causes problems in heart/ skeletal muscle in calf and lamb

A

Vitamin E

199
Q

Optimal N:S ratio:

A

Dairy Cattle > 10:1
Beef Cattle > 15:1
Sheep > 7:1

200
Q

Biotin deficiency in foxes is caused by:

A

Raw eggs (avidin) and rancid slaughter leftovers

201
Q

What kind of deficiency causes anaemia?

A

Vitamin K, Fe, B12, Cu, Folic acid deficiency, iron deficiency

202
Q

Vitamin E deficiency can lead to:

A

Zenker’s syndrome

203
Q

What will happen during vitamin D hypervitaminosis (x100)?

A

Calcification of aorta and kidney. Abortion/Stillbirth