Past papers

Question 1

What hormones stimulate appetite?

Answer 1

Ghrelin, Neuropeptide Y (NPY), Agouti-related peptide (AgRP), Orexins, Endocannabinoids,Galanin

Question 2

What hormones suppress appetite?

Answer 2

Leptin, insulin, Peptide YY (PYY), Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), Cholecystokinin (CCK), Oxyntomodulin, serotonin

Question 3

Right heart cath trace

Answer 3

Question 4

What causes right shift of oxyhemoglobin curve?

Answer 4

CADET
CO2
Acidosis
D)GP increased
e)xercise
high (t)emperature

Question 5

Describe LP findings

Answer 5

Question 6

Methaglobulinaemia vs carboxyhaemoglobulinaemia

Answer 6

both can have normal gas
methaglobulinaemia look cyanotic
can have neurological symptoms with carboxyhaemoglobulinaemia

Question 7

Describe immunofluorescence of membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer 7

membranous- Granular IgG and complement deposition on capillary walls

minimal change disease- Negative or minimal staining

FSGS- IgM and C3 deposits in affected segments