2024 trial 1 Flashcards
Which of the following hormones does NOT stimulate food intake?
A. Agouti-related peptide
B. Neuropeptide Y
C. Oxyntomodulin
D. Ghrelin
C- oxyntomodulin
CYP- inducers, inhibitors, substrate
Inducers COPS
- Carbamazepine
- Oxcarbazepine
- Phenytoin/phenobarbital
- Smoking/St John’s wort
Inhibitors SICKFACES.com
- Sodium valproate
- Isoniazid
- cimetidine
- ketoconazole
- fluconazole
- alcohol
- chloramphenicol
- erythromycin
- sulphonamides
- ciprofloxacin
- omeprazole
- metronidazole
- disulfiram
substrate – WAR Against THe OCPs
- warfarin
- anti-epileptics + clozapine
- theophylline
- OCPs
What is the mechanism of action of Mavacamten?
Modulation of cardiac actin-myosin interaction
What is the mechanism of action of ranolazine
Inhibition of late inward sodium current (INa) channels
what is the MOA of sclerostin?
inhibit bone formation by osteoblasts
hepatocyte ballooning
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
mallory denk bodies
alcoholic liver disease
can be seen in NASH
what is the inheritance pattern of Huntington disease
autosomal dominant
what is the inheritance pattern of cystic fibrosis
autosomal recessive
what is the inheritance pattern of marfans syndrome?
autosomal dominant
what is the inheritance pattern of Achondroplasia
autosomal dominant
tear drop cells
myelofibrosis
What is cKIT D816V associated with?
systemic mastocytosis
What molecular abnormalities are found in myelofibrosis?
JAK2 V617F mutation
Type 1 Calreticulin mutation
Mutations of which gene are the MOST common cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
A. PKHD1
B. COL4A3
C. COL4A4
D. Polycystin-1
Answer: D polycystin-1
PKHD1 is affected in autosomal recessive PKD, and the COL4A genes are affected in Alport Syndrome.
What is Vitamin B1 deficiency seen in?
ie Thiamine
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
What is Vitamin B6 deficiency?
Pyridoxine deficiency
would lead to peripheral neuropath
What is Vitamin B9
folate
What is the triad for lambert eaton syndrome
proximal weakness, areflexia, and autonomic dysfunction.
Describe the surveillance of patients for hepatocellular cancer in chronic hep B infection
What is Staphylococcus pseudintermedius associated with?
Staph aureus-like infections in dogs
What is Burkholderia cepacia a cause of?
A cause of respiratory infection in patients with cystic fibrosis
What is Capnocytophaga canimorsus a cause of?
severe sepsis and DIC in patients after dog bites or sometimes even lesser canine exposures
What is Bartonella henselae?
a cause of cat scratch disease
In patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock who are treated with an early invasive strategy with percutaneous coronary intervention of the infarct-related artery, mortality can be reduced by:
A. Routine use of an intra-aortic balloon pump
B. Using full circulatory support with extracorporeal life support (ECMO)
C. Performing PCI to lesions in the non-culprit arteries during the index procedure to achieve complete revascularisation
D. Using a microaxial transvalvular flow pump (Impella)
Correct Answer: D
Using a microaxial transvalvular flow pump (Impella)
what is a classic case of Q fever
fever, pneumonia, and hepatitis
The occupational exposure (abattoir work) is strongly linked to this disease.
What is Chlamydophila psittaci?
a cause of atypical pneumonia with exposure to birds
What is Burkholderia pseudomallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei (Melioid) is a cause of tropical pneumonia mostly in the Northern territory and Queensland
What part of the LFTs does copper interfere with?
ALP
Describe the cranial nerves location- rule of fours
Above the pons: 1-4
Pons: 5-8
Medulla: 9-12
Describe the JVP curve
What is the pharm management of serotonin syndrome?
Serotonin antagonist:
- cyproheptadine
What is the pharm management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Dantrolene
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
Amantadine (dopamine agonist)
What is the pharm management of anti-cholinergic syndrome?
Physotigmine (pro-cholinergic agent)
Activated charcoal
What is the pharm management of cholinergic syndrome?
Atropine and pralidoxime
