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Aisha > 2024 trial 1 > Flashcards

2024 trial 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following hormones does NOT stimulate food intake?
A. Agouti-related peptide
B. Neuropeptide Y
C. Oxyntomodulin
D. Ghrelin

A

C- oxyntomodulin

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2
Q

CYP- inducers, inhibitors, substrate

A

Inducers COPS
- Carbamazepine
- Oxcarbazepine
- Phenytoin/phenobarbital
- Smoking/St John’s wort

Inhibitors SICKFACES.com
- Sodium valproate
- Isoniazid
- cimetidine
- ketoconazole
- fluconazole
- alcohol
- chloramphenicol
- erythromycin
- sulphonamides
- ciprofloxacin
- omeprazole
- metronidazole
- disulfiram

substrate – WAR Against THe OCPs
- warfarin
- anti-epileptics + clozapine
- theophylline
- OCPs

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Mavacamten?

A

Modulation of cardiac actin-myosin interaction

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ranolazine

A

Inhibition of late inward sodium current (INa) channels

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5
Q

what is the MOA of sclerostin?

A

inhibit bone formation by osteoblasts

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6
Q

hepatocyte ballooning

A

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

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7
Q

mallory denk bodies

A

alcoholic liver disease
can be seen in NASH

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8
Q

what is the inheritance pattern of Huntington disease

A

autosomal dominant

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9
Q

what is the inheritance pattern of cystic fibrosis

A

autosomal recessive

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10
Q

what is the inheritance pattern of marfans syndrome?

A

autosomal dominant

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11
Q

what is the inheritance pattern of Achondroplasia

A

autosomal dominant

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12
Q

tear drop cells

A

myelofibrosis

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13
Q

What is cKIT D816V associated with?

A

systemic mastocytosis

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14
Q

What molecular abnormalities are found in myelofibrosis?

A

JAK2 V617F mutation
Type 1 Calreticulin mutation

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15
Q

Mutations of which gene are the MOST common cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

A. PKHD1
B. COL4A3
C. COL4A4
D. Polycystin-1

A

Answer: D polycystin-1

PKHD1 is affected in autosomal recessive PKD, and the COL4A genes are affected in Alport Syndrome.

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16
Q

What is Vitamin B1 deficiency seen in?

A

ie Thiamine
Wernicke’s encephalopathy

17
Q

What is Vitamin B6 deficiency?

A

Pyridoxine deficiency
would lead to peripheral neuropath

18
Q

What is Vitamin B9

A

folate

19
Q

What is the triad for lambert eaton syndrome

A

proximal weakness, areflexia, and autonomic dysfunction.

20
Q

Describe the surveillance of patients for hepatocellular cancer in chronic hep B infection

A
21
Q

What is Staphylococcus pseudintermedius associated with?

A

Staph aureus-like infections in dogs

22
Q

What is Burkholderia cepacia a cause of?

A

A cause of respiratory infection in patients with cystic fibrosis

23
Q

What is Capnocytophaga canimorsus a cause of?

A

severe sepsis and DIC in patients after dog bites or sometimes even lesser canine exposures

24
Q

What is Bartonella henselae?

A

a cause of cat scratch disease

25
Q

In patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock who are treated with an early invasive strategy with percutaneous coronary intervention of the infarct-related artery, mortality can be reduced by:

A. Routine use of an intra-aortic balloon pump
B. Using full circulatory support with extracorporeal life support (ECMO)
C. Performing PCI to lesions in the non-culprit arteries during the index procedure to achieve complete revascularisation
D. Using a microaxial transvalvular flow pump (Impella)

A

Correct Answer: D

Using a microaxial transvalvular flow pump (Impella)

26
Q

what is a classic case of Q fever

A

fever, pneumonia, and hepatitis

The occupational exposure (abattoir work) is strongly linked to this disease.

27
Q

What is Chlamydophila psittaci?

A

a cause of atypical pneumonia with exposure to birds

28
Q

What is Burkholderia pseudomallei

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei (Melioid) is a cause of tropical pneumonia mostly in the Northern territory and Queensland

29
Q

What part of the LFTs does copper interfere with?

A

ALP

30
Q

Describe the cranial nerves location- rule of fours

A

Above the pons: 1-4
Pons: 5-8
Medulla: 9-12

31
Q

Describe the JVP curve

A
32
Q

What is the pharm management of serotonin syndrome?

A

Serotonin antagonist:
- cyproheptadine

32
Q

What is the pharm management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Dantrolene
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
Amantadine (dopamine agonist)

32
Q

What is the pharm management of anti-cholinergic syndrome?

A

Physotigmine (pro-cholinergic agent)

Activated charcoal

33
Q

What is the pharm management of cholinergic syndrome?

A

Atropine and pralidoxime

33
Q
A

Aisha (12 decks)

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