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Micro Exam 3 > Past Exam 2011/2012 > Flashcards

Past Exam 2011/2012 Flashcards

1
Q

_____ is the bacterium that contributes to hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in adult dairy cattle.

A

Clostridium perfringens Type A

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2
Q

____________________________ is an organism that creates some initial damage to the nasal turbinate epithelium of pigs that allows the subsequent colonization by Pasteurella multocida type D.

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

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3
Q

____________________________ is the single most identifiable antecedent agent in Guillain-Barre syndrome in humans

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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4
Q

____________________________ is a cause of focal hepatic necrosis, jaundice and enterocolitis in laboratory rodents.

A

Clostridium piliforme

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5
Q

____________________________ is the cause of bacillary hemoglobinuria of cattle, deer, elk and sometimes sheep

A

Clostridium haemolyticum

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6
Q

____________________________ is commonly involved in shipping fever pneumonias in cattle and can cause meningoencephalitis and severe lameness when it establishes a septicemia.

A

Histophilus somni

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7
Q

____________________________ causes acute inflammation of the turbinates and air sacs of adult chickens which leads to depressed feed intake and a marked loss of egg production.

A

Haemophilus paragallinarum

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8
Q

____________________________ is a Clostridial organism that enters via wounds and causes pitting edema

A

Clostridium septicum

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9
Q

____________________________ is transmitted at a very early age and can cause severe polyserositis (peritonitis, pleuritis, pericarditis and joint infections) in pigs.

A

Haemophilus parasuis

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10
Q

___________________________ causes pseudomembraneous colitis in humans, horses and possibly other animals

A

Clostridium difficile

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11
Q

Severe___________________________ is the cause of death in human cholera

A

dehydration, fluid loss or diarrhea

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12
Q

_______________ is the major toxin involved in human cholera

A

Cholera toxin

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13
Q

____ and ____ are the capsular types of Pasteurella multocida that cause hemorrhagic septicemia

A

B and E

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14
Q

List three diseases commonly caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum in cattle

A

a. _Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle
b. _Post-partum metritis
c. _Foot rot
d. Calf diphtheria

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15
Q

Define toxico-infectious botulism?

A

It is a type of botulism where the organism is growing in the host (usually in the intestine or a wound) and elaborates one of the botulinum toxins which is absorbed and causes botulinum toxicity

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16
Q

Why is it not necessary to have a polyvalent immunizing agent against Clostridium tetani?

A

Because there is only a single toxin of importance (tetanospasmin) rather than multiple toxin types

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17
Q

Briefly describe the clinical disease syndrome caused by Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis in cows

A

Naive cows and heifers are bred or serviced using contaminated semen and the organism causes failure of implantation. The females can be bred multiple times over the course of 4-5 months but will not become pregnant until they clear the organism from the uterus. They are then immune from further problems

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18
Q

Why are serologic tests for infections caused by rough Gram-negative bacteria often adversely affected by a lack of specificity.

A

The core polysaccharide antigens are exposed and are more likely to be shared with other bacteria. Also, Igm is the type of antibody formed against many of the simple core polysaccharides and it is not as specific

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19
Q

Hyperimmune antiserum administered to foals with actinobacillosis is frequently of little or no value. List two reasons why the hyperimmune antiserum is not very effective

A

a. _Disease tends to be very acute and there is little time for hyperimmune antisera to have any effect.
b. It is thought that many of the affected foals have some congenital defects that compromise their ability to mount an immune response.

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20
Q

Several respiratory pathogens in this section produce RTX type toxins that are important virulence factors. These RTX toxins contribute to a marked increase in pathogenicity that is greater than the direct effects of the toxins on their target cells. What is the nature of this marked increase in pathogenicity?

A

Many of the RTX toxins are leukotoxins that are capable of lysing neutrophils. The neutrophils release their hydrolytic enzymes onto the host tissues, thus causing a lot of tissue damage not due to the direct activity of the leukotoxin on host cells

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21
Q

T or F Clostridium haemolyticum and C. novyii are transmitted by liver flukes.

A

False

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22
Q

T or F Brucella canis is common in feral dogs in developing countries

A

True

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23
Q

T or F RB51 is a modified-live strain of Brucella melitensis

A

False

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24
Q

T or F RB51 is infectious for humans

A

True

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25
Q

T or F Ranchers near Jackson Hole, Wyoming support the feeding program for elk because it means they have better pasture for their cattle despite the danger of brucella transmission

A

True

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26
Q

T or F Diagnosis of porcine intestinal adenomatosis is best accomplished by bacteriologic culture.

A

False

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27
Q

T or F Clostridium difficile is a common inhabitant of the normal adult equine intestine

A

False

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28
Q

T or F Blackleg of ruminants is usually diagnosed by demonstration of the principal toxin in typical lesions

A

False

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29
Q

T or F The Aprotective antigen@ is the most important immunogenic component for immunization against Clostridium chauvoei.

A

True

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30
Q

T or F In enterotoxemia of sheep, it is the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens Type D that is the main cause of liquefactive necrosis, edema and hemorrhage in the brain.

A

True

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31
Q

T or F Although they are antigenically distinct, the botulinum toxins all act via the same mechanism

A

True

32
Q

T or F Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi produce identical leukotoxins that attack ruminant red blood cells.

A

False

33
Q

T or F Mannheimia haemolytica biotype A serotype 3 is the most common bacterial cause of shipping fever pneumonias in feedlot cattle.

A

False

34
Q

T or F The endotoxin of Histophilus somni is thought to be the most important virulence factor for this organism

A

True

35
Q

T or F The endotoxin of Histophilus somni is also called lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS).

A

True

36
Q

T or F The endotoxin of Histophilus somni is also called lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS).

A

True

37
Q

T or F Most members of the genus Bordetella are facultative anaerobes.

A

False

38
Q

T or F Most members of the genus Moraxella are facultative anaerobes

A

False

39
Q

T or F The cytotoxin of Moraxella bovis lyses corneal epithelial cells.

A

True

40
Q

T or F Pasteurella multocida type D is commonly found in bison in Yellowstone National Park

A

False

41
Q

T or F Francisella tularensis is relatively easy to grow in culture.

A

False

42
Q

T or F Farm dogs and cats that are in contact with swine are much more likely to develop kennel cough or tracheobronchitis, respectively.

A

False

43
Q

T or F Bordetella avium can be found in the upper respiratory tract of chickens but is considered to be non-pathogenic in chickens.

A

True

44
Q

T or F Bordetella avium has multiple fimbrial types but these are not thought to be important in disease production

A

False

45
Q

T or F Moraxella bovis has multiple fimbrial types that are immunologically distinct and antibody against one is not protective against the others.

A

True

46
Q

T or F Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle are commonly caused by Mannheimia haemolytica.

A

False

47
Q

T or F Glasser=s disease is a relatively severe manifestation of disease caused by infection Haemophilus parasuis

A

True

48
Q

T or F Snuffles in rabbits is usually caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica

A

False

49
Q

Most common organism
Most common disease or lesion
Most common host(s)

Neisseria meningitidis
Bacterial Meningitis

Humans

Bordetella avium
Rhinotracheitis

Turkeys

Pasteurella multocida Type A
Fowl Cholera

Chickens, Turkeys, Geese and other birds

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Food poisoning
Humans

Lawsonia intracellularis
Proliferative Enteritis
Foals

Brucella ovis
Contagious Epididymitis

Rams

Porphyromonas levii

Foot rot
Cattle

Clostridium difficile
Mesocolonic Edema
Piglets

Clostridium perfringens Type A

Yellow Lamb Disease
Sheep

Actinobacillus lignieresii
Wooden tongue

Cattle and occasionally other ruminants

Actinobacillus seminis

Epididymitis, orchitis and occasional abortion
Sheep

Pasteurella multocida Type D
Bite wounds

Cats

Lawsonia intracellularis
Proliferative Enteritis

Hamsters

Taylorella equigenitalis
Contagious Metritis

Horses

Bordetella pertussis
Whooping Cough

Humans

Dichelobacter nodosus
Contagious Foot Rot

Sheep

A

IDK if this will work if it shows up as a table then in it did

50
Q

_________________ is essentially identical antigenically and in mechanism of action to the Heat Labile (LT) toxin of Escherichia coli but exerts a much more significant effect

A

Cholera toxin

51
Q

____________ is the natural habitat of Moraxella bovis (the natural habitat is where the organism grows when it is not causing overt disease)

A

Bovine conjunctiva

52
Q

____________ is the natural habitat of Pasteurella multocida types B and E.

A

Cattle, water buffalo upper respiratory tract

53
Q

____________ is the natural habitat of Lawsonia intracellularis

A

Intestine (swine, horses, possibly others)

54
Q

____________________________ is found commonly on the skin of processed poultry and is a major cause of enteritis in humans and abortions in sheep.

A

Campylobacter jejuni

55
Q

____________________________ causes diarrhea in foals and is found more commonly in foals being treated with erythromycin/rifampin.

A

Clostridium difficile

56
Q

____________________________ is the cause of proliferative enteritis in foals most commonly at 3-7 months of age

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

57
Q

____________________________ accounts for about 5% of the human cases of campylobacterial enteritis

A

Campylobacter coli_

58
Q

____________________________ is the cause of persistent bacteremia, abortions and infertility in dogs.

A

Brucella canis

59
Q

____________________________ is the most common cause of acute gastritis and gastric and duodenal ulceration in humans.

A

Helicobacter pylori

60
Q

____________________________ is the cause of a catarrhal or suppurative rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia and airsacculitis limited to turkeys.

A

Bordetella avium

61
Q

____________________________ is the cause of acute turbinate inflammation, airsacculits, sneezing, conjunctivitis, swelling of the head and wattles and severe loss of egg production in chickens.

A

Haemophilus paragallinarum

62
Q

____________________________ is a common cause of pneumonia and septicemia in rabbits.

A

Pasteurella multocida

63
Q

____________________________ is the cause of contagious epididymitis and occasional abortions in sheep.

A

Brucella ovis

64
Q

Bacillary hemoglobinuria (Redwater Disease) was originally confined to the Rocky Mountain area of the U.S. How (by what mechanism) was it spread to parts of Venezuela, Chile and Great Britain?

A

Those countries imported cattle from the U.S. that carried the spores of Clostridium haemolyticum

65
Q

List three virulence factors of Histophilus somni

A

a. _Fc-receptor proteins
b. _RNA components (guanine, cytosine, cGMP)
c. _LOS (lipo-oligosaccharide) Endotoxin

66
Q

List two swine respiratory disease pathogens that produce RTX-type toxins that are important in production of disease

A

a. _Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

b. _Actinobacillus suis

67
Q

Briefly explain how IgM antibody contributes to the lack of specificity in some agglutination reactions and what is often done to eliminate these non specific reactions. A diagram might help

A

IgM is very good at agglutination but lacks specificity because it does not undergo affinity maturation. IgM can form against similar antigens on different bacteria. To remedy this, IgM can be broken into inactive monomers using a reducing agent such as dithiothreitol or 2-mercapto

68
Q

T or F Tetanus antitoxin for commercial use is most commonly prepared by hyperimmunizing humans with the tetanus toxin.

A

False

69
Q

T or F Tetanus antitoxin must be polyvalent in order to provide protection

A

False

70
Q

T or F The clinical signs of tetanus and botulism are relatively easy to reverse

A

False

71
Q

T or F Toxico-infectious (infant) botulism is probably the most highly fatal form of botulism in humans

A

False

72
Q

T or F Francisella tularensis has a very low infectious dose which makes it an ideal candidate for a germ warfare agent

A

True

73
Q

T or F The carrier rate for Neisseria meningitidis in humans averages less than 1%.

A

False

74
Q

T or F Corticosteroid treatment is always contraindicated in treatment of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in cattle

A

False

75
Q

T or F Moraxella bovis produces a cytotoxin that lyses corneal epithelial cells and neutrophils.

A

True

76
Q

T or F Virulence of Moraxella bovis has been linked to the production of its hemolysin.

A

True

Micro Exam 3 (17 decks)

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