Past Exam 2011/2012

Question 1

_____ is the bacterium that contributes to hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in adult dairy cattle.

Answer 1

Clostridium perfringens Type A

Question 2

____________________________ is an organism that creates some initial damage to the nasal turbinate epithelium of pigs that allows the subsequent colonization by Pasteurella multocida type D.

Answer 2

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 3

____________________________ is the single most identifiable antecedent agent in Guillain-Barre syndrome in humans

Answer 3

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 4

____________________________ is a cause of focal hepatic necrosis, jaundice and enterocolitis in laboratory rodents.

Answer 4

Clostridium piliforme

Question 5

____________________________ is the cause of bacillary hemoglobinuria of cattle, deer, elk and sometimes sheep

Answer 5

Clostridium haemolyticum

Question 6

____________________________ is commonly involved in shipping fever pneumonias in cattle and can cause meningoencephalitis and severe lameness when it establishes a septicemia.

Answer 6

Histophilus somni

Question 7

____________________________ causes acute inflammation of the turbinates and air sacs of adult chickens which leads to depressed feed intake and a marked loss of egg production.

Answer 7

Haemophilus paragallinarum

Question 8

____________________________ is a Clostridial organism that enters via wounds and causes pitting edema

Answer 8

Clostridium septicum

Question 9

____________________________ is transmitted at a very early age and can cause severe polyserositis (peritonitis, pleuritis, pericarditis and joint infections) in pigs.

Answer 9

Haemophilus parasuis

Question 10

___________________________ causes pseudomembraneous colitis in humans, horses and possibly other animals

Answer 10

Clostridium difficile

Question 11

Severe___________________________ is the cause of death in human cholera

Answer 11

dehydration, fluid loss or diarrhea

Question 12

_______________ is the major toxin involved in human cholera

Answer 12

Cholera toxin

Question 13

____ and ____ are the capsular types of Pasteurella multocida that cause hemorrhagic septicemia

Answer 13

B and E

Question 14

List three diseases commonly caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum in cattle

Answer 14

a. _Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle
b. _Post-partum metritis
c. _Foot rot
d. Calf diphtheria

Question 15

Define toxico-infectious botulism?

Answer 15

It is a type of botulism where the organism is growing in the host (usually in the intestine or a wound) and elaborates one of the botulinum toxins which is absorbed and causes botulinum toxicity

Question 16

Why is it not necessary to have a polyvalent immunizing agent against Clostridium tetani?

Answer 16

Because there is only a single toxin of importance (tetanospasmin) rather than multiple toxin types

Question 17

Briefly describe the clinical disease syndrome caused by Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis in cows

Answer 17

Naive cows and heifers are bred or serviced using contaminated semen and the organism causes failure of implantation. The females can be bred multiple times over the course of 4-5 months but will not become pregnant until they clear the organism from the uterus. They are then immune from further problems

Question 18

Why are serologic tests for infections caused by rough Gram-negative bacteria often adversely affected by a lack of specificity.

Answer 18

The core polysaccharide antigens are exposed and are more likely to be shared with other bacteria. Also, Igm is the type of antibody formed against many of the simple core polysaccharides and it is not as specific

Question 19

Hyperimmune antiserum administered to foals with actinobacillosis is frequently of little or no value. List two reasons why the hyperimmune antiserum is not very effective

Answer 19

a. _Disease tends to be very acute and there is little time for hyperimmune antisera to have any effect.
b. It is thought that many of the affected foals have some congenital defects that compromise their ability to mount an immune response.

Question 20

Several respiratory pathogens in this section produce RTX type toxins that are important virulence factors. These RTX toxins contribute to a marked increase in pathogenicity that is greater than the direct effects of the toxins on their target cells. What is the nature of this marked increase in pathogenicity?

Answer 20

Many of the RTX toxins are leukotoxins that are capable of lysing neutrophils. The neutrophils release their hydrolytic enzymes onto the host tissues, thus causing a lot of tissue damage not due to the direct activity of the leukotoxin on host cells

Question 21

T or F Clostridium haemolyticum and C. novyii are transmitted by liver flukes.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

T or F Brucella canis is common in feral dogs in developing countries

Answer 22

True

Question 23

T or F RB51 is a modified-live strain of Brucella melitensis

Answer 23

False

Question 24

T or F RB51 is infectious for humans

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T or F Ranchers near Jackson Hole, Wyoming support the feeding program for elk because it means they have better pasture for their cattle despite the danger of brucella transmission

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T or F Diagnosis of porcine intestinal adenomatosis is best accomplished by bacteriologic culture.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

T or F Clostridium difficile is a common inhabitant of the normal adult equine intestine

Answer 27

False

Question 28

T or F Blackleg of ruminants is usually diagnosed by demonstration of the principal toxin in typical lesions

Answer 28

False

Question 29

T or F The Aprotective antigen@ is the most important immunogenic component for immunization against Clostridium chauvoei.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

T or F In enterotoxemia of sheep, it is the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens Type D that is the main cause of liquefactive necrosis, edema and hemorrhage in the brain.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

T or F Although they are antigenically distinct, the botulinum toxins all act via the same mechanism

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T or F Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi produce identical leukotoxins that attack ruminant red blood cells.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

T or F Mannheimia haemolytica biotype A serotype 3 is the most common bacterial cause of shipping fever pneumonias in feedlot cattle.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

T or F The endotoxin of Histophilus somni is thought to be the most important virulence factor for this organism

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T or F The endotoxin of Histophilus somni is also called lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS).

Answer 35

True

Question 36

T or F The endotoxin of Histophilus somni is also called lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS).

Answer 36

True

Question 37

T or F Most members of the genus Bordetella are facultative anaerobes.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

T or F Most members of the genus Moraxella are facultative anaerobes

Answer 38

False

Question 39

T or F The cytotoxin of Moraxella bovis lyses corneal epithelial cells.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

T or F Pasteurella multocida type D is commonly found in bison in Yellowstone National Park

Answer 40

False

Question 41

T or F Francisella tularensis is relatively easy to grow in culture.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

T or F Farm dogs and cats that are in contact with swine are much more likely to develop kennel cough or tracheobronchitis, respectively.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

T or F Bordetella avium can be found in the upper respiratory tract of chickens but is considered to be non-pathogenic in chickens.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

T or F Bordetella avium has multiple fimbrial types but these are not thought to be important in disease production

Answer 44

False

Question 45

T or F Moraxella bovis has multiple fimbrial types that are immunologically distinct and antibody against one is not protective against the others.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

T or F Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle are commonly caused by Mannheimia haemolytica.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

T or F Glasser=s disease is a relatively severe manifestation of disease caused by infection Haemophilus parasuis

Answer 47

True

Question 48

T or F Snuffles in rabbits is usually caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica

Answer 48

False

Question 49

Most common organism Most common disease or lesion Most common host(s) Neisseria meningitidis Bacterial Meningitis Humans Bordetella avium Rhinotracheitis Turkeys Pasteurella multocida Type A Fowl Cholera Chickens, Turkeys, Geese and other birds Vibrio parahaemolyticus Food poisoning Humans Lawsonia intracellularis Proliferative Enteritis Foals Brucella ovis Contagious Epididymitis Rams Porphyromonas levii Foot rot Cattle Clostridium difficile Mesocolonic Edema Piglets Clostridium perfringens Type A Yellow Lamb Disease Sheep Actinobacillus lignieresii Wooden tongue Cattle and occasionally other ruminants Actinobacillus seminis Epididymitis, orchitis and occasional abortion Sheep Pasteurella multocida Type D Bite wounds Cats Lawsonia intracellularis Proliferative Enteritis Hamsters Taylorella equigenitalis Contagious Metritis Horses Bordetella pertussis Whooping Cough Humans Dichelobacter nodosus Contagious Foot Rot Sheep

Answer 49

IDK if this will work if it shows up as a table then in it did

Question 50

_________________ is essentially identical antigenically and in mechanism of action to the Heat Labile (LT) toxin of Escherichia coli but exerts a much more significant effect

Answer 50

Cholera toxin

Question 51

____________ is the natural habitat of Moraxella bovis (the natural habitat is where the organism grows when it is not causing overt disease)

Answer 51

Bovine conjunctiva

Question 52

____________ is the natural habitat of Pasteurella multocida types B and E.

Answer 52

Cattle, water buffalo upper respiratory tract

Question 53

____________ is the natural habitat of Lawsonia intracellularis

Answer 53

Intestine (swine, horses, possibly others)

Question 54

____________________________ is found commonly on the skin of processed poultry and is a major cause of enteritis in humans and abortions in sheep.

Answer 54

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 55

____________________________ causes diarrhea in foals and is found more commonly in foals being treated with erythromycin/rifampin.

Answer 55

Clostridium difficile

Question 56

____________________________ is the cause of proliferative enteritis in foals most commonly at 3-7 months of age

Answer 56

Lawsonia intracellularis

Question 57

____________________________ accounts for about 5% of the human cases of campylobacterial enteritis

Answer 57

Campylobacter coli_

Question 58

____________________________ is the cause of persistent bacteremia, abortions and infertility in dogs.

Answer 58

Brucella canis

Question 59

____________________________ is the most common cause of acute gastritis and gastric and duodenal ulceration in humans.

Answer 59

Helicobacter pylori

Question 60

____________________________ is the cause of a catarrhal or suppurative rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia and airsacculitis limited to turkeys.

Answer 60

Bordetella avium

Question 61

____________________________ is the cause of acute turbinate inflammation, airsacculits, sneezing, conjunctivitis, swelling of the head and wattles and severe loss of egg production in chickens.

Answer 61

Haemophilus paragallinarum

Question 62

____________________________ is a common cause of pneumonia and septicemia in rabbits.

Answer 62

Pasteurella multocida

Question 63

____________________________ is the cause of contagious epididymitis and occasional abortions in sheep.

Answer 63

Brucella ovis

Question 64

Bacillary hemoglobinuria (Redwater Disease) was originally confined to the Rocky Mountain area of the U.S. How (by what mechanism) was it spread to parts of Venezuela, Chile and Great Britain?

Answer 64

Those countries imported cattle from the U.S. that carried the spores of Clostridium haemolyticum

Question 65

List three virulence factors of Histophilus somni

Answer 65

a. _Fc-receptor proteins b. _RNA components (guanine, cytosine, cGMP) c. _LOS (lipo-oligosaccharide) Endotoxin

Question 66

List two swine respiratory disease pathogens that produce RTX-type toxins that are important in production of disease

Answer 66

a. _Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae | b. _Actinobacillus suis

Question 67

Briefly explain how IgM antibody contributes to the lack of specificity in some agglutination reactions and what is often done to eliminate these non specific reactions. A diagram might help

Answer 67

IgM is very good at agglutination but lacks specificity because it does not undergo affinity maturation. IgM can form against similar antigens on different bacteria. To remedy this, IgM can be broken into inactive monomers using a reducing agent such as dithiothreitol or 2-mercapto

Question 68

T or F Tetanus antitoxin for commercial use is most commonly prepared by hyperimmunizing humans with the tetanus toxin.

Answer 68

False

Question 69

T or F Tetanus antitoxin must be polyvalent in order to provide protection

Answer 69

False

Question 70

T or F The clinical signs of tetanus and botulism are relatively easy to reverse

Answer 70

False

Question 71

T or F Toxico-infectious (infant) botulism is probably the most highly fatal form of botulism in humans

Answer 71

False

Question 72

T or F Francisella tularensis has a very low infectious dose which makes it an ideal candidate for a germ warfare agent

Answer 72

True

Question 73

T or F The carrier rate for Neisseria meningitidis in humans averages less than 1%.

Answer 73

False

Question 74

T or F Corticosteroid treatment is always contraindicated in treatment of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in cattle

Answer 74

False

Question 75

T or F Moraxella bovis produces a cytotoxin that lyses corneal epithelial cells and neutrophils.

Answer 75

True

Question 76

T or F Virulence of Moraxella bovis has been linked to the production of its hemolysin.

Answer 76

True