Past Exam 2011/2012 Flashcards
_____ is the bacterium that contributes to hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in adult dairy cattle.
Clostridium perfringens Type A
____________________________ is an organism that creates some initial damage to the nasal turbinate epithelium of pigs that allows the subsequent colonization by Pasteurella multocida type D.
Bordetella bronchiseptica
____________________________ is the single most identifiable antecedent agent in Guillain-Barre syndrome in humans
Campylobacter jejuni
____________________________ is a cause of focal hepatic necrosis, jaundice and enterocolitis in laboratory rodents.
Clostridium piliforme
____________________________ is the cause of bacillary hemoglobinuria of cattle, deer, elk and sometimes sheep
Clostridium haemolyticum
____________________________ is commonly involved in shipping fever pneumonias in cattle and can cause meningoencephalitis and severe lameness when it establishes a septicemia.
Histophilus somni
____________________________ causes acute inflammation of the turbinates and air sacs of adult chickens which leads to depressed feed intake and a marked loss of egg production.
Haemophilus paragallinarum
____________________________ is a Clostridial organism that enters via wounds and causes pitting edema
Clostridium septicum
____________________________ is transmitted at a very early age and can cause severe polyserositis (peritonitis, pleuritis, pericarditis and joint infections) in pigs.
Haemophilus parasuis
___________________________ causes pseudomembraneous colitis in humans, horses and possibly other animals
Clostridium difficile
Severe___________________________ is the cause of death in human cholera
dehydration, fluid loss or diarrhea
_______________ is the major toxin involved in human cholera
Cholera toxin
____ and ____ are the capsular types of Pasteurella multocida that cause hemorrhagic septicemia
B and E
List three diseases commonly caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum in cattle
a. _Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle
b. _Post-partum metritis
c. _Foot rot
d. Calf diphtheria
Define toxico-infectious botulism?
It is a type of botulism where the organism is growing in the host (usually in the intestine or a wound) and elaborates one of the botulinum toxins which is absorbed and causes botulinum toxicity
Why is it not necessary to have a polyvalent immunizing agent against Clostridium tetani?
Because there is only a single toxin of importance (tetanospasmin) rather than multiple toxin types
Briefly describe the clinical disease syndrome caused by Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis in cows
Naive cows and heifers are bred or serviced using contaminated semen and the organism causes failure of implantation. The females can be bred multiple times over the course of 4-5 months but will not become pregnant until they clear the organism from the uterus. They are then immune from further problems
Why are serologic tests for infections caused by rough Gram-negative bacteria often adversely affected by a lack of specificity.
The core polysaccharide antigens are exposed and are more likely to be shared with other bacteria. Also, Igm is the type of antibody formed against many of the simple core polysaccharides and it is not as specific
Hyperimmune antiserum administered to foals with actinobacillosis is frequently of little or no value. List two reasons why the hyperimmune antiserum is not very effective
a. _Disease tends to be very acute and there is little time for hyperimmune antisera to have any effect.
b. It is thought that many of the affected foals have some congenital defects that compromise their ability to mount an immune response.
Several respiratory pathogens in this section produce RTX type toxins that are important virulence factors. These RTX toxins contribute to a marked increase in pathogenicity that is greater than the direct effects of the toxins on their target cells. What is the nature of this marked increase in pathogenicity?
Many of the RTX toxins are leukotoxins that are capable of lysing neutrophils. The neutrophils release their hydrolytic enzymes onto the host tissues, thus causing a lot of tissue damage not due to the direct activity of the leukotoxin on host cells
T or F Clostridium haemolyticum and C. novyii are transmitted by liver flukes.
False
T or F Brucella canis is common in feral dogs in developing countries
True
T or F RB51 is a modified-live strain of Brucella melitensis
False
T or F RB51 is infectious for humans
True
T or F Ranchers near Jackson Hole, Wyoming support the feeding program for elk because it means they have better pasture for their cattle despite the danger of brucella transmission
True
T or F Diagnosis of porcine intestinal adenomatosis is best accomplished by bacteriologic culture.
False
T or F Clostridium difficile is a common inhabitant of the normal adult equine intestine
False
T or F Blackleg of ruminants is usually diagnosed by demonstration of the principal toxin in typical lesions
False
T or F The Aprotective antigen@ is the most important immunogenic component for immunization against Clostridium chauvoei.
True
T or F In enterotoxemia of sheep, it is the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens Type D that is the main cause of liquefactive necrosis, edema and hemorrhage in the brain.
True
T or F Although they are antigenically distinct, the botulinum toxins all act via the same mechanism
True
T or F Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi produce identical leukotoxins that attack ruminant red blood cells.
False
T or F Mannheimia haemolytica biotype A serotype 3 is the most common bacterial cause of shipping fever pneumonias in feedlot cattle.
False
T or F The endotoxin of Histophilus somni is thought to be the most important virulence factor for this organism
True
T or F The endotoxin of Histophilus somni is also called lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS).
True
T or F The endotoxin of Histophilus somni is also called lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS).
True
T or F Most members of the genus Bordetella are facultative anaerobes.
False
T or F Most members of the genus Moraxella are facultative anaerobes
False
T or F The cytotoxin of Moraxella bovis lyses corneal epithelial cells.
True
T or F Pasteurella multocida type D is commonly found in bison in Yellowstone National Park
False
T or F Francisella tularensis is relatively easy to grow in culture.
False
T or F Farm dogs and cats that are in contact with swine are much more likely to develop kennel cough or tracheobronchitis, respectively.
False
T or F Bordetella avium can be found in the upper respiratory tract of chickens but is considered to be non-pathogenic in chickens.
True
T or F Bordetella avium has multiple fimbrial types but these are not thought to be important in disease production
False
T or F Moraxella bovis has multiple fimbrial types that are immunologically distinct and antibody against one is not protective against the others.
True
T or F Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle are commonly caused by Mannheimia haemolytica.
False
T or F Glasser=s disease is a relatively severe manifestation of disease caused by infection Haemophilus parasuis
True
T or F Snuffles in rabbits is usually caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica
False
Most common organism
Most common disease or lesion
Most common host(s)
Neisseria meningitidis
Bacterial Meningitis
Humans
Bordetella avium
Rhinotracheitis
Turkeys
Pasteurella multocida Type A
Fowl Cholera
Chickens, Turkeys, Geese and other birds
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Food poisoning
Humans
Lawsonia intracellularis
Proliferative Enteritis
Foals
Brucella ovis
Contagious Epididymitis
Rams
Porphyromonas levii
Foot rot
Cattle
Clostridium difficile
Mesocolonic Edema
Piglets
Clostridium perfringens Type A
Yellow Lamb Disease
Sheep
Actinobacillus lignieresii
Wooden tongue
Cattle and occasionally other ruminants
Actinobacillus seminis
Epididymitis, orchitis and occasional abortion
Sheep
Pasteurella multocida Type D
Bite wounds
Cats
Lawsonia intracellularis
Proliferative Enteritis
Hamsters
Taylorella equigenitalis
Contagious Metritis
Horses
Bordetella pertussis
Whooping Cough
Humans
Dichelobacter nodosus
Contagious Foot Rot
Sheep
IDK if this will work if it shows up as a table then in it did
_________________ is essentially identical antigenically and in mechanism of action to the Heat Labile (LT) toxin of Escherichia coli but exerts a much more significant effect
Cholera toxin
____________ is the natural habitat of Moraxella bovis (the natural habitat is where the organism grows when it is not causing overt disease)
Bovine conjunctiva
____________ is the natural habitat of Pasteurella multocida types B and E.
Cattle, water buffalo upper respiratory tract
____________ is the natural habitat of Lawsonia intracellularis
Intestine (swine, horses, possibly others)
____________________________ is found commonly on the skin of processed poultry and is a major cause of enteritis in humans and abortions in sheep.
Campylobacter jejuni
____________________________ causes diarrhea in foals and is found more commonly in foals being treated with erythromycin/rifampin.
Clostridium difficile
____________________________ is the cause of proliferative enteritis in foals most commonly at 3-7 months of age
Lawsonia intracellularis
____________________________ accounts for about 5% of the human cases of campylobacterial enteritis
Campylobacter coli_
____________________________ is the cause of persistent bacteremia, abortions and infertility in dogs.
Brucella canis
____________________________ is the most common cause of acute gastritis and gastric and duodenal ulceration in humans.
Helicobacter pylori
____________________________ is the cause of a catarrhal or suppurative rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia and airsacculitis limited to turkeys.
Bordetella avium
____________________________ is the cause of acute turbinate inflammation, airsacculits, sneezing, conjunctivitis, swelling of the head and wattles and severe loss of egg production in chickens.
Haemophilus paragallinarum
____________________________ is a common cause of pneumonia and septicemia in rabbits.
Pasteurella multocida
____________________________ is the cause of contagious epididymitis and occasional abortions in sheep.
Brucella ovis
Bacillary hemoglobinuria (Redwater Disease) was originally confined to the Rocky Mountain area of the U.S. How (by what mechanism) was it spread to parts of Venezuela, Chile and Great Britain?
Those countries imported cattle from the U.S. that carried the spores of Clostridium haemolyticum
List three virulence factors of Histophilus somni
a. _Fc-receptor proteins
b. _RNA components (guanine, cytosine, cGMP)
c. _LOS (lipo-oligosaccharide) Endotoxin
List two swine respiratory disease pathogens that produce RTX-type toxins that are important in production of disease
a. _Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
b. _Actinobacillus suis
Briefly explain how IgM antibody contributes to the lack of specificity in some agglutination reactions and what is often done to eliminate these non specific reactions. A diagram might help
IgM is very good at agglutination but lacks specificity because it does not undergo affinity maturation. IgM can form against similar antigens on different bacteria. To remedy this, IgM can be broken into inactive monomers using a reducing agent such as dithiothreitol or 2-mercapto
T or F Tetanus antitoxin for commercial use is most commonly prepared by hyperimmunizing humans with the tetanus toxin.
False
T or F Tetanus antitoxin must be polyvalent in order to provide protection
False
T or F The clinical signs of tetanus and botulism are relatively easy to reverse
False
T or F Toxico-infectious (infant) botulism is probably the most highly fatal form of botulism in humans
False
T or F Francisella tularensis has a very low infectious dose which makes it an ideal candidate for a germ warfare agent
True
T or F The carrier rate for Neisseria meningitidis in humans averages less than 1%.
False
T or F Corticosteroid treatment is always contraindicated in treatment of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in cattle
False
T or F Moraxella bovis produces a cytotoxin that lyses corneal epithelial cells and neutrophils.
True
T or F Virulence of Moraxella bovis has been linked to the production of its hemolysin.
True
