Past Exam 2006-2007 Flashcards
______________________________ is a halophilic organism common in shellfish that is a frequent cause of food poisoning in humans.
Vibrio parahemolyticus
______________________________ is the cause of severe osmotic diarrhea in humans and is most commonly associated with fecal contamination of food and water.
Vibrio cholerae
______________________________ is an organism frequently associated with esophageal lesions in feeder lambs that causes septicemia when it gains access to the blood.
Pasteurella trehalosi
______________________________ is an organism that dogs and causes the development of a hacking, paroxysmal cough of several days to weeks duration.
Bordetella bronchiseptica
______________________________ is an organism that can be detected in a dairy herd by testing a bulk tank sample of milk for antibody against the organism
______________________________ is an organism that can be detected in a dairy herd by testing a bulk tank sample of milk for antibody against the organism
______________________________ is the cause of contagious equine metritis.
Taylorella equigenitalis
______________________________ is an organism that produces a Afilamentous hemagglutinin@ and possibly pertactin and fimbriae that are thought to be involved in attachment to mammalian cells.
Bordetella bronchiseptica
___________________________ is a bacterial toxin that blocks the release of the neurotransmitters glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid at the level of the spinal cord and brainstem
tetanospasmin
______________________________ is the organism most likely involved in the development of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in cattle
Clostridium perfringens
______________________________ causes extensive myonecrosis that usually affects cattle 6 months to 2 years of age
Clostridium chauvoei
______________________________ causes mesocolonic edema in piglets 1-7 days of age and pseudomembraneous colitis in humans
Clostridium difficile
______________________________ infects wounds and causes the development of extensive subcutaneous pitting edema
Clostridium septicum
______________________________ is the bacterial organism considered to be the cause of foot-rot in cattle.
Fusobacterium necrophorum
______________________________ is an organism that is frequently transmitted to humans through the consumption of unpasteurized goat milk
Brucella melitensis
Briefly describe the mechanism of action of the leukotoxin of Mannheimia haemolytica
It is an RTX toxin (forms pores in the cell membranes of ruminant leukocytes and platelets
What was done to Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines that altered the immune response from a T-cell independent to a T-cell dependent response?
The type b capsular polysaccharide was conjugated with a protein such as tetanus toxoid or mutant diphtheria toxin
What is the proposed mechanism by which infection with Enterococcus faecalis or Escherichia coli lead to increased susceptibility to systemic infection and severe purulent meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis?
Co-infection or prior infection with E. faecalis or E. coli stimulates the production of IgA antibody that cross-reacts with N. meningitidis antigens. Once N. meningitidis produces a systemic infection, this IgA binds to the organism and blocks IgM and IgG from binding. Since IgA is non-opsonic, the N. meningitidis is able to avoid phagocytosis and killing, resulting in a fulminating septicemia
List the two major methods by which Francisella tularensis is transmitted to humans.
Transmitted by ticks or other arthropod vectors
Contact with infected rabbits (often gains entrance via the mucous membranes or by ingestion
List two major obstacles that have made eradication of Brucella suis in the U.S. difficult
Feral swine and occasionally other wildlife such as reindeer can be infected and we are unable to eradicate these animals. Only way to get rid of the infection is to slaughter these animals.
The serologic test gave a lot of false positives
The available immunizing products for use against foot-rot in sheep are considered to have marginal efficacy because:
a. The vaccines stimulate a T-cell independent response against fimbrial antigens.
b. The vaccines do not stimulate a CMI response.
c. IgG is required for protection and the vaccines only stimulate an IgA response.
d. All the above.
e. Only a and b above.
f. None of the above.
NONE of the above
Which of the following organisms is least likely to require some type of inducing agent or co-infection in order to produce disease?
a. Actinobacillus equuli
b. Pasteurella multocida
c. Mannheimia haemolytica
d. Moraxella bovis
e. Dichelobacter nodosus
Actinobacillus equuli
Which of the following seems to be less of a problem in so called a high health status swine herds?
a. Contagious pleuropneumonia (APP)
b. Polyserositis (Haemophilus parasuis infection)
c. Atrophic rhinitis
d. All the above
e. Only a and b above.
Atrophic rhinitis
Tyzzer=s disease:
a. Most commonly affects lab rodents, wild rabbits and muskrats.
b. Causes a severe meningitis.
c. Causes a severe nephritis.
d. All the above.
e. Only a and c above.
Most commonly affects lab rodents, wild rabbits and muskrats.
Which of the following causes a disease in swine that is most similar to contagious pleuropneumonia?
a. Haemophilus parasuis
b. Mannheimia haemolytica
c. Actinobacillus suis
d. Pasteurella trehalosi
e. Bordetella bronchiseptica
Actinobacillus suis