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Micro Exam 3 > Actinobacillus > Flashcards

Actinobacillus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Actinobacillus species we are concerned with? (7)

A 
Actinobacillus lignieresii
Actinobacillus equuli
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Actinobacillus suis 
Actinobacillus salpingitidis 
Actinobacillus seminis 
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
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2
Q

Actinobacillus lignieresii commonly causes ______________ in the head and neck area of cattle

A

granulomatous, tumor like infections

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3
Q

The natural habitat of Actinobacillus ligniersii

A

commensal of the buccal cavity of cattle and sheep

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4
Q

Cattle: how does Actinobacillus ligniersii enter the tissues?

A

Via penetrating wound in the buccal cavity

Often caused by forage

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5
Q

Granulomatous abscesses caused by Actinobacillus ligniersii is often seen where?

A

lower jaw and neck area

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6
Q

T/F Actinobacillus ligniersii will stay localized in the area of infection

A

FALSE; has the ability to cause granulomatous abscesses in other organs; commonly seen in the wall of the stomach

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7
Q

The characteristic lesion of Actinobacillus ligniersii is “______” which is granulomatous abscesses on the tongue drastically reducing function

A

Wooden Tongue

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8
Q

If you were abroad on a trip to Scotland and visitng a sheep farm, what would be a bacteria that would be more commonly seen there than here in the US

A

Actinobacillus ligniersii

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9
Q

T/F Both humoral and CMI immunity is important for Actinobacillus ligniersii infections

A

TRUE

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10
Q

How would you treat an infection of Actinobacillus ligniersii?

A

Localized injections of liquid iodine and IV of sodium iodide

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11
Q

Actinobacillus equuli was formerly in the genus _______. It is the cause of ______ or sleepy foal disease

A

Shigella

Shigellosis

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12
Q

What is teh natural habitat of Actinobacillus equuli?

A

Oral cavity and intestinal tract of normal horses

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13
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Actinobacillus equuli?

A

It is an opportunist. Only occurs in diseased or debilitated horses. Becomes septicemic and produces an RTX toxin that has leukocytic properties

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14
Q

T/F Actinobacillus can be contracted from the foal passing through the birth canal?

A

TRUE

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15
Q

What is the average lifespan of a foal infected with Actinobacillus equuli?

A

4 days maximum, 1/3 only live to 24 hours

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16
Q

In foals, what are the clinical signs seen with Actinobacillus equuli infections?

A

purrulent nephritis with several abscesses in the renal cortex

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17
Q

In adult horses, Actinobacillus equuli gains entry into the blood via _______ migrating into the blood stream from the intestine

A

Strongylus vulgaris (IT WONT GO AWAY)

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18
Q

Adult horses infected with Actinobacillus equuli often have a _______

A

septicemia

19
Q

T/F There is a commercial vaccine available for Actinobacillus equuli that is commonly used to prevent infections

A

FALSE; there is no commercial vaccine available

20
Q

________ causes contagious pleuropneumonia in swine

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

21
Q

T/F Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae can grow on its own; does not require a growth factor

A

FALSE; growth of this organism requires V factor (NAD

22
Q

What are the three serotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae that are present in the US?

A

1,5,7

23
Q

How many toxins does Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae produce? What is the name of them? What is the only one that is produced in vivo?

A

4; They are RTX toxins
Apx1, Apx2, Apx3, and Apx4
Apx4 is the only one that grows in vivo

24
Q

What is the natural habitat for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?

A

Upper respiratory tract of swine; Can be shed into the environment by older pigs

25
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A

usually seen in endemically infected herds. Piglets are infected as colostral immunity wanes, which results in a mild disease.
Peracute form can result in pig death in less than 8 hours

26
Q

T/F Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae does not need an inducing agent

A

TRUE; this is highly pathogenic

27
Q

Pigs that recover from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are/are not immune to future infections

A

ARE

28
Q

Treatment of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; does it develop resistance?

A

Penicillin, tetracycline; YES, it develops resistance relatively easily

29
Q

______ is known to cause acute, fatal septicemia in 1-8 week old pigs

A

Actinobacillus suis

30
Q

In older pigs, infections with ___________ has been known to cause arthritis, pneumonia, and subcutaneous abscesses

A

Actinobacillus suis

31
Q

Describe the colonies of Actinobacillus suis

A

They are relatively small at first, with beta hemolysis. They can grow to be relatively larger compared to other Actinobacillus species

32
Q

What are the RTX toxins that Actinobacillus suis produces?

A

Apx1 and Apx2

33
Q

Where can Actinobacillus suis be found?

A

In the tonsils and nasal passages of healthy pigs of ANY age

34
Q

T/F Actinobacillus suis can be found on the vagina of sows

A

TRUE

35
Q

Infections of Actinobacillus suis mimic infections of what two other organisms?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

36
Q

In young pigs infected with Actinobacillus suis causes _________

A

septicemia with acute death

37
Q

Is it effective to treat pigs with antibiotics if they are infected with Actinobacillus suis?

A

Yes, but they usually die before they are able to take effect

38
Q

_______ is an occasional cause of salpingitis and peritonitis in laying hens

A

Actinobacillus salpingitidis

39
Q

_______ is widespread in sheep in South Africa

A

Actinobacillus seminis

40
Q

_______ localizes in the epididymis and testes of sheep. It is spread venerally

A

Actinobacillus seminis

41
Q

Actinobacillus seminis often causes what?

A

Abortion in sheep

Major problem is decreased fertility in rams

42
Q

________ is implicated in human endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and periodontitis

A

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (LOL WHAT)

43
Q

The main ecological site of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is what?

A

dental plaque, periodontal pockets and gingival sulci

Micro Exam 3 (17 decks)

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