Actinobacillus Flashcards
What are the Actinobacillus species we are concerned with? (7)
Actinobacillus lignieresii Actinobacillus equuli Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Actinobacillus suis Actinobacillus salpingitidis Actinobacillus seminis Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Actinobacillus lignieresii commonly causes ______________ in the head and neck area of cattle
granulomatous, tumor like infections
The natural habitat of Actinobacillus ligniersii
commensal of the buccal cavity of cattle and sheep
Cattle: how does Actinobacillus ligniersii enter the tissues?
Via penetrating wound in the buccal cavity
Often caused by forage
Granulomatous abscesses caused by Actinobacillus ligniersii is often seen where?
lower jaw and neck area
T/F Actinobacillus ligniersii will stay localized in the area of infection
FALSE; has the ability to cause granulomatous abscesses in other organs; commonly seen in the wall of the stomach
The characteristic lesion of Actinobacillus ligniersii is “______” which is granulomatous abscesses on the tongue drastically reducing function
Wooden Tongue
If you were abroad on a trip to Scotland and visitng a sheep farm, what would be a bacteria that would be more commonly seen there than here in the US
Actinobacillus ligniersii
T/F Both humoral and CMI immunity is important for Actinobacillus ligniersii infections
TRUE
How would you treat an infection of Actinobacillus ligniersii?
Localized injections of liquid iodine and IV of sodium iodide
Actinobacillus equuli was formerly in the genus _______. It is the cause of ______ or sleepy foal disease
Shigella
Shigellosis
What is teh natural habitat of Actinobacillus equuli?
Oral cavity and intestinal tract of normal horses
Describe the pathogenesis of Actinobacillus equuli?
It is an opportunist. Only occurs in diseased or debilitated horses. Becomes septicemic and produces an RTX toxin that has leukocytic properties
T/F Actinobacillus can be contracted from the foal passing through the birth canal?
TRUE
What is the average lifespan of a foal infected with Actinobacillus equuli?
4 days maximum, 1/3 only live to 24 hours
In foals, what are the clinical signs seen with Actinobacillus equuli infections?
purrulent nephritis with several abscesses in the renal cortex
In adult horses, Actinobacillus equuli gains entry into the blood via _______ migrating into the blood stream from the intestine
Strongylus vulgaris (IT WONT GO AWAY)
Adult horses infected with Actinobacillus equuli often have a _______
septicemia
T/F There is a commercial vaccine available for Actinobacillus equuli that is commonly used to prevent infections
FALSE; there is no commercial vaccine available
________ causes contagious pleuropneumonia in swine
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
T/F Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae can grow on its own; does not require a growth factor
FALSE; growth of this organism requires V factor (NAD
What are the three serotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae that are present in the US?
1,5,7
How many toxins does Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae produce? What is the name of them? What is the only one that is produced in vivo?
4; They are RTX toxins
Apx1, Apx2, Apx3, and Apx4
Apx4 is the only one that grows in vivo
What is the natural habitat for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?
Upper respiratory tract of swine; Can be shed into the environment by older pigs
Describe the pathogenesis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
usually seen in endemically infected herds. Piglets are infected as colostral immunity wanes, which results in a mild disease.
Peracute form can result in pig death in less than 8 hours
T/F Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae does not need an inducing agent
TRUE; this is highly pathogenic
Pigs that recover from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are/are not immune to future infections
ARE
Treatment of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; does it develop resistance?
Penicillin, tetracycline; YES, it develops resistance relatively easily
______ is known to cause acute, fatal septicemia in 1-8 week old pigs
Actinobacillus suis
In older pigs, infections with ___________ has been known to cause arthritis, pneumonia, and subcutaneous abscesses
Actinobacillus suis
Describe the colonies of Actinobacillus suis
They are relatively small at first, with beta hemolysis. They can grow to be relatively larger compared to other Actinobacillus species
What are the RTX toxins that Actinobacillus suis produces?
Apx1 and Apx2
Where can Actinobacillus suis be found?
In the tonsils and nasal passages of healthy pigs of ANY age
T/F Actinobacillus suis can be found on the vagina of sows
TRUE
Infections of Actinobacillus suis mimic infections of what two other organisms?
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
In young pigs infected with Actinobacillus suis causes _________
septicemia with acute death
Is it effective to treat pigs with antibiotics if they are infected with Actinobacillus suis?
Yes, but they usually die before they are able to take effect
_______ is an occasional cause of salpingitis and peritonitis in laying hens
Actinobacillus salpingitidis
_______ is widespread in sheep in South Africa
Actinobacillus seminis
_______ localizes in the epididymis and testes of sheep. It is spread venerally
Actinobacillus seminis
Actinobacillus seminis often causes what?
Abortion in sheep
Major problem is decreased fertility in rams
________ is implicated in human endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and periodontitis
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (LOL WHAT)
The main ecological site of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is what?
dental plaque, periodontal pockets and gingival sulci
