Actinobacillus Flashcards
What are the Actinobacillus species we are concerned with? (7)
Actinobacillus lignieresii Actinobacillus equuli Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Actinobacillus suis Actinobacillus salpingitidis Actinobacillus seminis Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Actinobacillus lignieresii commonly causes ______________ in the head and neck area of cattle
granulomatous, tumor like infections
The natural habitat of Actinobacillus ligniersii
commensal of the buccal cavity of cattle and sheep
Cattle: how does Actinobacillus ligniersii enter the tissues?
Via penetrating wound in the buccal cavity
Often caused by forage
Granulomatous abscesses caused by Actinobacillus ligniersii is often seen where?
lower jaw and neck area
T/F Actinobacillus ligniersii will stay localized in the area of infection
FALSE; has the ability to cause granulomatous abscesses in other organs; commonly seen in the wall of the stomach
The characteristic lesion of Actinobacillus ligniersii is “______” which is granulomatous abscesses on the tongue drastically reducing function
Wooden Tongue
If you were abroad on a trip to Scotland and visitng a sheep farm, what would be a bacteria that would be more commonly seen there than here in the US
Actinobacillus ligniersii
T/F Both humoral and CMI immunity is important for Actinobacillus ligniersii infections
TRUE
How would you treat an infection of Actinobacillus ligniersii?
Localized injections of liquid iodine and IV of sodium iodide
Actinobacillus equuli was formerly in the genus _______. It is the cause of ______ or sleepy foal disease
Shigella
Shigellosis
What is teh natural habitat of Actinobacillus equuli?
Oral cavity and intestinal tract of normal horses
Describe the pathogenesis of Actinobacillus equuli?
It is an opportunist. Only occurs in diseased or debilitated horses. Becomes septicemic and produces an RTX toxin that has leukocytic properties
T/F Actinobacillus can be contracted from the foal passing through the birth canal?
TRUE
What is the average lifespan of a foal infected with Actinobacillus equuli?
4 days maximum, 1/3 only live to 24 hours
In foals, what are the clinical signs seen with Actinobacillus equuli infections?
purrulent nephritis with several abscesses in the renal cortex
In adult horses, Actinobacillus equuli gains entry into the blood via _______ migrating into the blood stream from the intestine
Strongylus vulgaris (IT WONT GO AWAY)
Adult horses infected with Actinobacillus equuli often have a _______
septicemia
T/F There is a commercial vaccine available for Actinobacillus equuli that is commonly used to prevent infections
FALSE; there is no commercial vaccine available
________ causes contagious pleuropneumonia in swine
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
T/F Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae can grow on its own; does not require a growth factor
FALSE; growth of this organism requires V factor (NAD
What are the three serotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae that are present in the US?
1,5,7
How many toxins does Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae produce? What is the name of them? What is the only one that is produced in vivo?
4; They are RTX toxins
Apx1, Apx2, Apx3, and Apx4
Apx4 is the only one that grows in vivo
What is the natural habitat for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?
Upper respiratory tract of swine; Can be shed into the environment by older pigs
