Past Exam 2003-2004 Flashcards
______________________________ is the cause of blackleg in ruminants
Clostridium chauvoei
_______________________________is the cause of fowl coryza.
Avibacterium paragallinarum
_______________________________ is the cause of Glasser’s disease in swine.
Haemophilus parasuis
What are the typical tissues or organ systems involved in Glasser=s disease?
Glasser=s is a polyserositis and any serosoal surface may be infected as well as the joints
_______________________________ is a cause of enteritis in young rodents and focal hepatic necrosis, jaundice and enterocolitis in older rodents.
Clostridium piliforme
_______________________________ is the cause of contagious equine metritis.
Taylorella equigenitalis
_______________________________ is the cause of whooping cough in humans.
Bordetella pertussis
_______________________________ is the cause of wooden tongue in cattle.
Actinobacillus lignieresii
_______________________________ is the natural habitat of the organism that causes wooden tongue.
oral cavity and upper GI tract (primarily ruminants)
___________________________ is the cause of contagious pleuropneumonia in swine.
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
_______________________________ is an anaerobe commonly found in uterine infections in dairy cattle
Fusobacterium necrophorum
_______________________________ is an anaerobe commonly causing thrush in horses (infection of the frog).
Fusobacterium necrophorum
_______________________________ causes bloody dysentery in swine.
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
_______________________________ is a common cause of infectious food poisoning associated with improper handling of poultry meat.
Campylobacter jejuni
_________________ is the most pathogenic of the Brucella species for humans.
Brucella melitensis
___________________ has the broadest host range of any of the Brucella species.
Brucella suis
_____________________ is the cause of the several manifestations of porcine proliferative enteropathy
Lawsonia intracellularis
_____________________ and _____________________ are the two most common sources of Francisella tularensis for humans.
ticks and other hematophagous arthropods and _cottontail rabbits
_____________________ is a major cause of death in individuals that develop fulminating infections with Neisseria meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae
Septic shock (DIC, endotoxemia
_______________________________ is the cause of cholera in humans
Vibrio cholerae
_______________________________ was commonly involved in fistulous withers in horses.
Brucella abortus
Why do we not commonly see infections with Brucella abortus the above organism in fistulous withers anymore?
Brucella abortus has been all but eradicated from the cattle population in the U.S. and as a result, the organism is not available for causing infections in horses.
What is the role of Bordetella bronchiseptica in atrophic rhinitis in swine?
B. bronchiseptica colonizes the upper respiratory tract mucosa and, using its dermonecrotic toxin, is able to initiate minor damage to the mucosa of the nasal turbinates. This relatively minor damage facilitates the colonization of the nasal turbinates with toxigenic Pasteurella multocida which secretes its toxin and causes further turbinate damage.
Describe the clinical presentation of infectious canine tracheobronchitis:
Chronic, dry, nonproductive cough, occasionally with vomiting. The coughing begins acutely within a few days of contact with other dogs and is due to damage to the tracheal ciliated epithelium. The cough may last 4 to 6 weeks.
Briefly (30 words or less) discuss the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis:
Initial damage to the corneal epithelium due to dust, excessive UV light, long stemmy grass or weeds, etc. Mycoplasma bovoculi colonizes the corneal lesions. Moraxella bovis subsequently colonizes the corneal lesions and produces a variety of proteases, a hemolysin, etc. that can heavily damage the epithelium. Neutrophils that migrate to the area are lysed and release their hydrolytic enzymes thus augmenting the damage. (key has more than 30 words to cover all possible answers
_______________________ and ______________________ are the two most important clinical diseases caused by Leptospira interrogans in domestic animals.
abortion ; hepatitis
_______________________ is a disease primarily of sheep caused by Clostridium novyi Type B.
Black disease
______________________ is caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue in humans.
Yaws
______________________ is a disease of cattle associated with damage caused by liver flukes
Redwater disease
______________________ is a relatively common disease of waterfowl caused by Clostridium botulinum.
Limberneck
Where do the waterfowl get the toxin in the previous question? (Clostridium botulinum)
C. botulinum grows in the sediments at the bottoms of ponds and lakes. Ducks feed off vegetation at the bottom of these ponds and ingest the toxin.
When Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis is first introduced into a herd of cattle, the predominant clinical picture is:
Delayed calving,(poor conception rates), all cows or heifers keep coming back into heat for 4 to 5 months before settling.
What determines whether Fusobacterium necrophorum is able to survive in the liver and produce abscesses?
The amount of leukotoxin produced (whether it is a biotype A organism).
Why do the treatments for tetanus and botulism need to be continued often for several weeks to months?
These toxins bind irreversibly to their target sites and produce long-term inhibition of function. It takes that long for regeneration to occur.
Pseudomembraneous colitis in humans:
a. Is commonly associated with antimicrobial therapy that destroys much of the normal flora of the intestine.
b. Is caused by Clostridium difficile.
c. Is associated with contact with laboratory rodents, cats, and certain other animal species.
d. All the above.
e. Only a and b above.
e. Only a and b above.
a. Is commonly associated with antimicrobial therapy that destroys much of the normal flora of the intestine.
b. Is caused by Clostridium difficile.
Leptospira interrogans is rather unique among bacterial pathogens because:
a. It can actively invade through mucosal surfaces.
b. It survives well in ponds and streams.
c. It is transmitted through urine.
d. It requires an intermediate host.
e. It almost always causes serious, life-threatening disease.
a. It can actively invade through mucosal surfaces.
Redwater disease and Black disease are geographically restricted because:
a. The organisms that cause these diseases have their natural habitats in soil only in very limited geographic areas.
b. The reservoir hosts for these diseases are only found in limited geographic areas.
c. The intermediate hosts for these diseases are only found in limited geographic areas.
d. All the above.
e. None of the above. (c or e accepted)
c. The intermediate hosts for these diseases are only found in limited geographic areas.
Which of the following is least likely to be used to determine what organisms might be involved in clostridial infections?
a. Gas-liquid chromatography of isolated bacteria
b. Anaerobic carbohydrate fermentation tests with isolated bacteria
c. Fluorescent antibody tests on affected tissues
d. Serologic tests to detect antibody against toxins
e. Toxin detection tests
Serologic tests to detect antibody against toxins (note: the diseases are usually too acute to allow time for generation of antibody.)
Foot rot in sheep:
a. Is easily eliminated from a flock.
b. Can be transmitted at sale barns just by turning sheep into a pen that was recently occupied by infected sheep.
c. Is usually seen in dry seasons because the hoof is more likely to develop cracks and other predisposing lesions.
d. Is caused primarily by Fusobacterium necrophorum.
e. None of the above.
Can be transmitted at sale barns just by turning sheep into a pen that was recently occupied by infected sheep. (note: The organism will survive in a pen for a week or two.)
Rusty nails are especially good at inducing tetanus because:
a. The rust reduces the Eh in the local area where the spores are introduced and allows the spores to germinate.
b. Rusty nails are contaminated with facultative anaerobes which remove oxygen from the site of injury.
c. The rust on the nail creates an increased inflammatory response and results in the toxin being carried to the systemic circulation much more rapidly.
d. All the above.
e. Only a and b above.
f. This is actually a myth.
a. The rust reduces the Eh in the local area where the spores are introduced and allows the spores to germinate.
b. Rusty nails are contaminated with facultative anaerobes which remove oxygen from the site of injury.
Brucella abortus
a. Is resistant to many common disinfectants and thus is able to survive in buildings for extended periods despite routine disinfection.
b. Only causes disease in humans, cattle and horses.
c. Causes primarily an early term abortion in cattle.
d. Does not cause significant disease in bulls.
e. None of the above.
e. None of the above.
Reduction of nitrites in cured meats could lead to a higher incidence of:
a. Campylobacteriosis
b. Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection
c. Botulism
d. All the above
e. Only b and c above
Botulism
Brucella suis:
a. Is more likely to cause sterility than most of the other species of Brucella.
b. Is commonly found in commercial swine in the southern U.S.
c. Has been eradicated from the U.S.
d. Is easily detected by serologic testing.
e. Is usually localized to the reproductive tract of swine.
Is more likely to cause sterility than most of the other species of Brucella
Brucella canis is unique among the Brucella species because:
a. It only causes clinical disease in dogs.
b. It is shed in urine and many other excretions and secretions of the dog, both males and females.
c. It has a reservoir host in domestic cats and other felines.
d. It is readily cleared by the immune system and produces only short-term infections.
e. All the above.
It is shed in urine and many other excretions and secretions of the dog, both males and females.
The main receptors for the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens type D:
a. Are in the kidneys thus the name Apulpy kidney disease@.
b. Are in the liver thus the severe hepatitis that results.
c. Are in the neurons thus the neurologic signs.
d. Are in the small and large intestine, thus the severe enteritis that occurs.
e. Are in the vascular endothelium of the brain, thus the neurologic signs.
Are in the vascular endothelium of the brain, thus the neurologic signs.
T/F Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis is cleared from the uterus of cattle when specific IgA is produced and thus preventing invasion of the endometrium.
False
T/F The Clostridium tetani found in horse feces is more invasive and produces higher quantities of tetanospasmin
False
T/F Tetanus in lambs is frequently associated with the improper use of elastrators for tail docking and castration
True
T/F Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine is not pathogenic for any species of animal.
False
T/F Animals infected with Brucella abortus usually remain infected for life unless early and aggressive antimicrobial therapy is instituted.
True
T/F Brucella melitensis is widespread in the U.S. goat population but exact prevalence figures are not available because there is no eradication program in place.
False
T/F Guillain-Barre syndrome is currently thought to be associated with autoimmune antibody stimulated by ganglioside-like epitopes produced by Campylobacter jejuni
True
