Gallibacterium, Haemophilus, Histophilus

Question 1

Gallibacterium anatis is incrimminated with causing peritonitis in _____ and can cause severe peritonitis in association with ________

Answer 1

Chickens

E. coli

Question 2

What are the Haemophilus species we are concerned with? (3)

Answer 2

Haemophilus parasuis
Haemophilus suis
Haemophilus influenzae

Question 3

T/F Haemophilus parasuis requires an NAD growth factor

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

Haemophilus parasuis causes __________ in pigs, which is characterized by polyserositis, arthritis, and meningitis

Answer 4

glasser’s disease

Question 5

Where is Haemophilus parasuis commonly found?

Answer 5

Nasopharynx of healthy pigs

Question 6

Haemophilus parasuis is ______ contagious and spreads via _______

Answer 6

HIGHLY

aerosol or contact

Question 7

What generally brings about an infection of Haemophilus parasuis? What are some signs that are seen?

Answer 7

Stress

fibrinous inflammation of pericardium, pleura, joints, and meninges

Question 8

Haemophils parasuis can predispose this pig to infections with _____ & ______

Answer 8

Bordatella bronchiseptica

Pasturella multocida

Question 9

______ common predisposes the pig to an infection of Haemophilus parasuis

Answer 9

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Question 10

What are the 4 serotypes of Haemophilus parasuis that are most prevalent?

Answer 10

1, 2, 4, 5

Question 11

Does Haemophilus suis actually exist?

Answer 11

NO ONE KNOWS! Maybe? Maybe not? It’s a beautiful mystery

Question 12

________ is a Haemophilus that is only found in humans as part of the normal flora of the respiratory tract

Answer 12

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 13

The most common capsular type isolated from Haemophilus influenzae is composed of what?

Answer 13

polyribitol phosphate

Question 14

Is it possible for this Gram negative Haemophilus influenzae to be mistaken for a Gram positive?

Answer 14

Yes, it is very possible, especially if you’re a terrible microbiologist

Question 15

Infections of Haemophilus influenzae often occur in individuals that lack _____ to the ___ capsular serotype

Answer 15

IgA

B

Question 16

What are some clinical manifestations of Haemophilus influenzae?

Answer 16

Meningitis: esp in children 3 months to 6 years old
Acute epiglottitis: abscessation may occur
Cellulitis: Occurs in the cheek
Bacterimia without local disease
Otitis media: this is actually the 2nd leading cause of this

Question 17

What age are children most susceptible to Haemophilus influenzae infection?

Answer 17

Older than 3 months (mothers immunity gone)

Younger than 2 years (can’t respond with their own antibody)

Question 18

______ is the cause of TME and respiratory disease in feedlot cattle

Answer 18

Histophilus somni

Question 19

T/F Histophilus somni is one of the more important bacterial causes of respiratory disease in cattle

Answer 19

TRUE; in fact it is probably second only behind Mannheimia haemolytica

Question 20

T/F Histophilus somni requires an NAD growth factor

Answer 20

FALSE; however, it does require CO2

Question 21

What is the toxin that Histophilus somni produces?

Answer 21

Endotoxin; LOS also may be important in apoptosis of endothelial cells

Question 22

T/F Histophilus somni can live within blood monocytes for a short period of time

Answer 22

TRUE; this likely allows it to become disseminated throughout the body

Question 23

What is the habitat of Histophilus somni?

Answer 23

The upper respiratory tract of bovine

Has also been found in the repro tracts of cattle, but these are less pathogenic

Question 24

What is TME? When does it occur?

Answer 24

It usually occurs 2-4 weeks post shipping/stress; often follows shipping fever
Causes fibrinous meningitis with arterial thrombosis and necrosis

Question 25

What is the pathogenesis of Histophilus somni?

Answer 25

Usually starts as a respiratory disease, becomes a septicemia, and eventually leads to TME.

Question 26

What are the virulence factors that Histophilus somni produces?

Answer 26

Toxins: endotoxin and LOS
Guanine, Adenine, and GMP: likely allows the bacteria to evade immune system
Fc-receptor proteins