Parvoviridae Flashcards
Whats the difference between the genus Dependovirus and Bocavirus in the family Parvoviridae
Dependo- needs a helper virus, usually adenovirus
Bocavirus- contains a 3rd ORF between sturctural and non structural coding regions
t/f the human parvovirus B19, causative agent of Slapcheek, is transmittable to cats and dogs
F
Parvoviruses usually replicate in what kind of cells?
Actively dividing cells that pass through mitotis S phase
Feline Panleukopenia
Etiology
Host
Distribution
Feline Parvovirus
All felidae
Worldwide
Transmission and Epidemology of FPV
Oro-nasally from feces, secretions, fomites, in utero or by flies.
Virus persists in environment and 75% of cats have antibodies, most are exposed to it as kittens. Most cases are subclinical.
Pathogenesis of enteritis in FPV
FPV targets crypt cells of intestinal villi, villi are blunted and fused resulting in malabsorbtion and diarrhea.
Pathogenesis of Panleukopenia in FPV infected cats
Virus enters oropharynx and replication occurs in pharyngeal lymphoid tissue. Destruction of all white blood cells in circulation and lymphoid organs.
CNS infection of FPV
Cerebellar hypoplasia and optic nerve/retina damage are observed
T/F Kittens infected with FPV experience DIC
True, kittens are more susceptable to G- bacteremia
What is the most common age of infection of FPV? What’s the incubation period?
Age: 3-5 months
Incubation: 2-10 days
FPV Dx
Clinical signs, postmortem findings Leukopenia and neutropenia Isolation in cell culture fecal ag testing via immunochromography or ELISA PCR Direct hemagglutination
How could you tell from a serological test that a cat is infected with FPV?
Paired serum samples, 1st during possible illness, 2nd 2 wks after, if there’s a four fold increase there was acute infection.
Treatment and Control of FPV
Good nursing care and broad spectrum antibiotics
Hygiene and disinfection
When vx cats for FPV when should the last dose initial vx not be administered before?
16 wks old so that maternal ab don’t inactivate the modified live virus
What are the common antigenic variations of CPV-2 in North America?
2b and 2c
CPV-2 Hosts Distribution Epidemiology Transmission
Domestic and wild canidae
Worldwide
Virus super stable in enviroment, resistant to many detergents
Oro-nasal to contaminated feces, in utero, fomites
Clinical findings in CPV-2
Enteritis, Myocarditis, Panleukopenia
Neuro Dz: cerebellar hypoplasia, hemorrhage in CNS, DIC, Hypoglycemia
Cutaneous Dz
Age Relaated syndromes of CPV2
2-12 days- generalized neonatal dz
3-8 wks- myocarditis
2-4 mo- enteritis and panleukopenia
Myocarditis in CPV2
In utero infection or pups less than 6 wks old
Myocardial necrosis w/ acute cardiopulmonary failure
Sudden death or die after crying/retching
How does Tamiflu help in canine parvoviral enteritis?
Acts on bacterial neuraminidase and inhibits secondary bacterial infection
What virus causes SMEDI in swine?
Porcine Parvovirus
Transmission of Porcine Parvovirus
Oronasal in non immune pregnant sow followed by transplacental
Veneral from boar semes
Clinical signs of Porcine Parvovirus
death at different stages of pregnancy
increase in mummified fetuses after normal gestation
PPV of fetus less that 30 days
Dies and resorbed
PPV infection of fetus 30-70 days
mummified
PPV infection 70 days to term
May develop lesion but have an immune response and survive in utero
Dx of PPV
FA staining of fetus tissues
PCR
ELISA, HA, HI
T/F PPV can causes persistent infection with periodical shedding of virus
True, it is unlike most parvoviruses
