Parts of a cell Flashcards
Prokaryotic cells contain what parts and organelles?
cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleoid, plasmids, ribosomes; sometimes flagella
What is the cell wall?
semipermeable plasma membrane
What is the cytoplasm?
rich protein fluid with gel like consistency that houses organelles
What are organelles?
tiny organs
What is the nucleoid?
the condensed DNA of the cell
What are plasmids?
small, circular, portions of DNA not associated with the nucleoid
What do ribosomes do?
manufacture proteins for the cell from the RNA messages
What does most of the work in the cells?
proteins
What are flagella?
long whip-like projections that allow for cellular movement
Which cell is more complex?
eukaryotic cells
Describe the ER…
tubular transport network, looks like a stack of flattened membranous sacs.
What is the difference between smooth and rough ER?
rough ER is studded with ribosomes
Smooth ER is important for…
numerous metabolic processes in the cell
The ER does what?
moves proteins from one part of a cell to another and to the outside of the cell (secretion)
What does the golgi apparatus do?
packaging and transport of proteins. works hand in hand with ER. sorts and prepares proteins for transport
What are vesicles?
small membrane bounded sacs within the cytoplasm
What do vesicles do?
used to transport proteins or other substances in or out of the cell
3 common types of vesicles…..
vacuoles, lysosomes, peroxisome
What is a vacuole…
basic storage unit of the cell that can hold various compounds
What is a lysosome?
contains digestive enzymes that can dispose cellular debris and worn down cell parts
What is a peroxisome?
functions to ride the body of toxic components such as hydrogen peroxide. Also major sites of oxygen use and energy production (liver has a lot)
What are mitochondria?
powerhouses of the cell, where ATP is produced
Fold on mitochondria are called
cristae, were enzymes help convert super into ATP to power the cell
What are microtubules?
cellular tracks tracks hat during mitosis form the mitotic spindle. The spindle helps organize and segregate chromosomes during cell devision
What are centrosomes?
microtuble organizing centers that help to form and organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis
What is the nucleus?
Double membrane with pores. Control center of cell.
What is the nucleolus?
Small body in nucleus produces ribosomes that get moved to the cytoplasm to make cell proteins
More then a few projections (flagella) are then called…
Cilia
The flagella and cilia of what cells are largest?
Eukaryotic
What are chloroplasts?
Organelles in plant cells that contain chlorophyll.
What does chlorophyll do?
Allows the capture of sunlight to be used for production of glucose during photosynthesis
Plant cells have much larger _______ then eukaryotic cells.
Vacuoles that contain water
Plant cells have a ________ cell wall.
Solid
