Parts of a cell Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotic cells contain what parts and organelles?

A

cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleoid, plasmids, ribosomes; sometimes flagella

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2
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

semipermeable plasma membrane

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3
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

rich protein fluid with gel like consistency that houses organelles

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4
Q

What are organelles?

A

tiny organs

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5
Q

What is the nucleoid?

A

the condensed DNA of the cell

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6
Q

What are plasmids?

A

small, circular, portions of DNA not associated with the nucleoid

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7
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

manufacture proteins for the cell from the RNA messages

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8
Q

What does most of the work in the cells?

A

proteins

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9
Q

What are flagella?

A

long whip-like projections that allow for cellular movement

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10
Q

Which cell is more complex?

A

eukaryotic cells

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11
Q

Describe the ER…

A

tubular transport network, looks like a stack of flattened membranous sacs.

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12
Q

What is the difference between smooth and rough ER?

A

rough ER is studded with ribosomes

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13
Q

Smooth ER is important for…

A

numerous metabolic processes in the cell

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14
Q

The ER does what?

A

moves proteins from one part of a cell to another and to the outside of the cell (secretion)

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15
Q

What does the golgi apparatus do?

A

packaging and transport of proteins. works hand in hand with ER. sorts and prepares proteins for transport

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16
Q

What are vesicles?

A

small membrane bounded sacs within the cytoplasm

17
Q

What do vesicles do?

A

used to transport proteins or other substances in or out of the cell

18
Q

3 common types of vesicles…..

A

vacuoles, lysosomes, peroxisome

19
Q

What is a vacuole…

A

basic storage unit of the cell that can hold various compounds

20
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

contains digestive enzymes that can dispose cellular debris and worn down cell parts

21
Q

What is a peroxisome?

A

functions to ride the body of toxic components such as hydrogen peroxide. Also major sites of oxygen use and energy production (liver has a lot)

22
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

powerhouses of the cell, where ATP is produced

23
Q

Fold on mitochondria are called

A

cristae, were enzymes help convert super into ATP to power the cell

24
Q

What are microtubules?

A

cellular tracks tracks hat during mitosis form the mitotic spindle. The spindle helps organize and segregate chromosomes during cell devision

25
What are centrosomes?
microtuble organizing centers that help to form and organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis
26
What is the nucleus?
Double membrane with pores. Control center of cell.
27
What is the nucleolus?
Small body in nucleus produces ribosomes that get moved to the cytoplasm to make cell proteins
28
More then a few projections (flagella) are then called...
Cilia
29
The flagella and cilia of what cells are largest?
Eukaryotic
30
What are chloroplasts?
Organelles in plant cells that contain chlorophyll.
31
What does chlorophyll do?
Allows the capture of sunlight to be used for production of glucose during photosynthesis
32
Plant cells have much larger _______ then eukaryotic cells.
Vacuoles that contain water
33
Plant cells have a ________ cell wall.
Solid