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TEAS/ HESI > More about DNA and genes > Flashcards

More about DNA and genes Flashcards

1
Q

Chromosomes are located…

A

in the nucleus of a cell

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2
Q

Chromosomes contain..

A

stretches of DNA called genes

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3
Q

Genes contain…

A

coded information that controls the heredity of particular traits (eye & hair color etc)

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4
Q

The coded information is made up of the…

A

sequences of the nitrogenous bases of DNA

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5
Q

What are the bases of DNA…

A

adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine,

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6
Q

Each piece of the code is called ______ and is composed of ________.

A

codon, three of the bases

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7
Q

Each codon matches to a specific…

A

amino acid

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8
Q

There are ____ different amino acids.

A

20

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9
Q

A chain of amino acids forms a _______.

A

protein

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10
Q

What are the workhorses of the cell?

A

proteins

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11
Q

One gene matches to…..

A

one protein

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12
Q

What are responsible for the expression of genetic traits?

A

proteins

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13
Q

The sum of all the proteins directed by the genes of an individual are responsible for…

A

the inherited differences between one person and another

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14
Q

What is a genome?

A

a complete set of DNA for an individual that contains all genes

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15
Q

Mutations in the genome occurs by what two mechanisms:

A

errors during DNA replication or via a mutagen

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16
Q

What is a mutagen?

A

a substance that induces mutations

17
Q

What is the enzyme called that speeds up DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase

18
Q

What are the two mechanisms cells use to reduce errors?

A

DNA polymerase proofreads and will attempt to correct, also mismatch pair scans over the DNA

19
Q

If a mutation is able to pass through the cracks of the two mechanisms…

A

The DNA sequence from then on is altered

20
Q

Certain forms of cancer arise because of…

A

failure in mismatch pair

21
Q

During the life of a cell what mechanisms inspect the DNA for damage?

A

excision repair

22
Q

Excision repair mechanism will…

A

cut the defective strand of DNA, remove those bases that are near, and allow DNA polymerase to regenerate a new correct piece of DNA

23
Q

What can be a result of the excision repair mechanism not functioning properly?

A

certain skin diseases

24
Q

Mutations will only pass on to future generations if they are present in…

A

the DNA germ cells

25
Q

What are germ cells?

A

reproductive cells that give rise to gametes (sperm and ovum)

26
Q

What are phenotypes?

A

the physical expressions of genetic traints

27
Q

What is a genotype??

A

an organisms underlying genetic makeup of code

TEAS/ HESI (19 decks)

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