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TEAS/ HESI > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

The digestive system is composed of the…..

A

alimentary canal and accessory structures

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2
Q

The digestive system includes….

A

the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

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3
Q

Accessory structures to the digestive system…

A

teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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4
Q

What is the gastrointestinal tract?

A

stomach and intestines

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5
Q

The gastrointestinal tract is lined with _______ muscle.

A

smooth

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6
Q

Rhythmic contractions that propel food towards the column and anus are called __________.

A

peristalsis

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7
Q

Digestion is _________________________.

A

The mechanical AND chemical breakdown of foods

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8
Q

Chemicals that break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into nutrients that can be absorbed through the wall of the investing into the bloodstream.

A

enzymes

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9
Q

An enzyme from the parotid salivary glands

A

Amylase

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10
Q

Salvary amylase begins chemical digestion of what?

A

carbohydrates

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11
Q

Once swallowed a ball of food is called…

A

bolus

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12
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

a narrow tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach

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13
Q

Four main layers of the digestive tract from inner to outer?

A

mucous membrane, submucous layer, muscular layer, serious layer

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14
Q

Cells in the stomach lining secrete….

A

mucus, protease, hydrochloric acid, and intrinsic factor

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15
Q

What is protease?

A

An enzyme to begin protein digestion

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16
Q

What is intrinsic factor do?

A

increases the stomachs absorption of vitamin B12

17
Q

Hydrochloric acid does what?

A

helps to break down foods

18
Q

The soupy substance that the stomach turns the bolus into?

A

chyme

19
Q

What kind of chyme remains in the stomach the longest?

A

fat- laden chyme

20
Q

What kind of chyme advances quickly into the small intestine?

A

carbohydrate- laden chyme

21
Q

What releases chyme from the stomach into the small intestine?

A

pyloric sphincter

22
Q

Regions of the small intestine…

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

23
Q

The duodenum releases what?

A

secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)

24
Q

Secretin does what?

A

travels to the pancreas to trigger release of bicarbonate, AND triggers the release of pancreatic enzymes that further aid chemical digestion in the small intestine

25
Q

Bicarbonate does what?

A

neutralizes the stomach acid entering the duodenum

26
Q

CCK does what?

A

initiates bile release from the gallbladder, while decreasing motility and acid production from the stomach

27
Q

Absorption of nutrients occurs in the _________.

A

small intestine

28
Q

Finger like projections that increase the surface area within the small intestine…..

A

villi and microvilli

29
Q

Each villus contains…..

A

arterioles and lymphatic vessels through which absorption occurs

30
Q

Where is most water absorbed?

A

Small intestine (about 80%)

31
Q

The large intestine also reabsorbs water through ____________.

A

osmosis along with ions reclaimed from feces

32
Q

Amino acids and simple sugars are absorbed _______.

A

(proteins, carbs) directly into the blood.

33
Q

Most of the fats are absorbed into __________.

A

the lymph by the lacteals.

34
Q

All nutrients enter the _________ to be routed to the liver for decontamination.

A

hepatic portal vein

35
Q

The large intestine does what?

A

reabsorbs water and stores and eliminated undigested food

36
Q

The abundant bacteria found in the large intestine are called…..

A

intestinal flora

37
Q

The five portions of the large intestine..

A

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and the rectum

38
Q

The storage and formation of feces occurs where?

A

the colon (large intestine)

39
Q

The order of digestion…..

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,

TEAS/ HESI (19 decks)

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