Digestive system Flashcards
The digestive system is composed of the…..
alimentary canal and accessory structures
The digestive system includes….
the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
Accessory structures to the digestive system…
teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
What is the gastrointestinal tract?
stomach and intestines
The gastrointestinal tract is lined with _______ muscle.
smooth
Rhythmic contractions that propel food towards the column and anus are called __________.
peristalsis
Digestion is _________________________.
The mechanical AND chemical breakdown of foods
Chemicals that break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into nutrients that can be absorbed through the wall of the investing into the bloodstream.
enzymes
An enzyme from the parotid salivary glands
Amylase
Salvary amylase begins chemical digestion of what?
carbohydrates
Once swallowed a ball of food is called…
bolus
What is the esophagus?
a narrow tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach
Four main layers of the digestive tract from inner to outer?
mucous membrane, submucous layer, muscular layer, serious layer
Cells in the stomach lining secrete….
mucus, protease, hydrochloric acid, and intrinsic factor
What is protease?
An enzyme to begin protein digestion
What is intrinsic factor do?
increases the stomachs absorption of vitamin B12
Hydrochloric acid does what?
helps to break down foods
The soupy substance that the stomach turns the bolus into?
chyme
What kind of chyme remains in the stomach the longest?
fat- laden chyme
What kind of chyme advances quickly into the small intestine?
carbohydrate- laden chyme
What releases chyme from the stomach into the small intestine?
pyloric sphincter
Regions of the small intestine…
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The duodenum releases what?
secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)
Secretin does what?
travels to the pancreas to trigger release of bicarbonate, AND triggers the release of pancreatic enzymes that further aid chemical digestion in the small intestine
Bicarbonate does what?
neutralizes the stomach acid entering the duodenum
CCK does what?
initiates bile release from the gallbladder, while decreasing motility and acid production from the stomach
Absorption of nutrients occurs in the _________.
small intestine
Finger like projections that increase the surface area within the small intestine…..
villi and microvilli
Each villus contains…..
arterioles and lymphatic vessels through which absorption occurs
Where is most water absorbed?
Small intestine (about 80%)
The large intestine also reabsorbs water through ____________.
osmosis along with ions reclaimed from feces
Amino acids and simple sugars are absorbed _______.
(proteins, carbs) directly into the blood.
Most of the fats are absorbed into __________.
the lymph by the lacteals.
All nutrients enter the _________ to be routed to the liver for decontamination.
hepatic portal vein
The large intestine does what?
reabsorbs water and stores and eliminated undigested food
The abundant bacteria found in the large intestine are called…..
intestinal flora
The five portions of the large intestine..
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and the rectum
The storage and formation of feces occurs where?
the colon (large intestine)
The order of digestion…..
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
