Digestive system

Question 1

The digestive system is composed of the…..

Answer 1

alimentary canal and accessory structures

Question 2

The digestive system includes….

Answer 2

the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

Question 3

Accessory structures to the digestive system…

Answer 3

teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Question 4

What is the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 4

stomach and intestines

Question 5

The gastrointestinal tract is lined with _______ muscle.

Answer 5

smooth

Question 6

Rhythmic contractions that propel food towards the column and anus are called __________.

Answer 6

peristalsis

Question 7

Digestion is _________________________.

Answer 7

The mechanical AND chemical breakdown of foods

Question 8

Chemicals that break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into nutrients that can be absorbed through the wall of the investing into the bloodstream.

Answer 8

enzymes

Question 9

An enzyme from the parotid salivary glands

Answer 9

Amylase

Question 10

Salvary amylase begins chemical digestion of what?

Answer 10

carbohydrates

Question 11

Once swallowed a ball of food is called…

Answer 11

bolus

Question 12

What is the esophagus?

Answer 12

a narrow tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach

Question 13

Four main layers of the digestive tract from inner to outer?

Answer 13

mucous membrane, submucous layer, muscular layer, serious layer

Question 14

Cells in the stomach lining secrete….

Answer 14

mucus, protease, hydrochloric acid, and intrinsic factor

Question 15

What is protease?

Answer 15

An enzyme to begin protein digestion

Question 16

What is intrinsic factor do?

Answer 16

increases the stomachs absorption of vitamin B12

Question 17

Hydrochloric acid does what?

Answer 17

helps to break down foods

Question 18

The soupy substance that the stomach turns the bolus into?

Answer 18

chyme

Question 19

What kind of chyme remains in the stomach the longest?

Answer 19

fat- laden chyme

Question 20

What kind of chyme advances quickly into the small intestine?

Answer 20

carbohydrate- laden chyme

Question 21

What releases chyme from the stomach into the small intestine?

Answer 21

pyloric sphincter

Question 22

Regions of the small intestine…

Answer 22

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 23

The duodenum releases what?

Answer 23

secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 24

Secretin does what?

Answer 24

travels to the pancreas to trigger release of bicarbonate, AND triggers the release of pancreatic enzymes that further aid chemical digestion in the small intestine

Question 25

Bicarbonate does what?

Answer 25

neutralizes the stomach acid entering the duodenum

Question 26

CCK does what?

Answer 26

initiates bile release from the gallbladder, while decreasing motility and acid production from the stomach

Question 27

Absorption of nutrients occurs in the _________.

Answer 27

small intestine

Question 28

Finger like projections that increase the surface area within the small intestine.....

Answer 28

villi and microvilli

Question 29

Each villus contains.....

Answer 29

arterioles and lymphatic vessels through which absorption occurs

Question 30

Where is most water absorbed?

Answer 30

Small intestine (about 80%)

Question 31

The large intestine also reabsorbs water through ____________.

Answer 31

osmosis along with ions reclaimed from feces

Question 32

Amino acids and simple sugars are absorbed _______.

Answer 32

(proteins, carbs) directly into the blood.

Question 33

Most of the fats are absorbed into __________.

Answer 33

the lymph by the lacteals.

Question 34

All nutrients enter the _________ to be routed to the liver for decontamination.

Answer 34

hepatic portal vein

Question 35

The large intestine does what?

Answer 35

reabsorbs water and stores and eliminated undigested food

Question 36

The abundant bacteria found in the large intestine are called.....

Answer 36

intestinal flora

Question 37

The five portions of the large intestine..

Answer 37

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and the rectum

Question 38

The storage and formation of feces occurs where?

Answer 38

the colon (large intestine)

Question 39

The order of digestion.....

Answer 39

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,