Cell replication

Question 1

What happens during mitosis?

Answer 1

Cell duplication in which two daughter cells receive exactly the same nuclear material as the original cell

Question 2

What are the different phases of interphase?

Answer 2

G1, S1, G2

Question 3

What happens in the gaps between mitosis and DNA synthesis?

Answer 3

The cells DNA is available for transcription into RNA

Question 4

The synthesis of the new DNA occurs in what phase?

Answer 4

S phase of interphase

Question 5

What happens during G1?

Answer 5

The double helix unwinds to expose the bases

Question 6

During G1 RNA bases pair with…

Answer 6

their complementary partners on the DNA to form the messenger RNA strand

Question 7

During G1 once an entire gene is copied into the complementary messenger RNA….

Answer 7

the DNA double helix closes and the mRNA exits the nucleus, taking the information it contains to the ribosomes

Question 8

In the S phase of interphase…

Answer 8

the DNA double helix unwinds with the help of enzymes

Question 9

What are enzymes…

Answer 9

proteins that increase the speed of reactions

Question 10

The enzymes during S phase breaks the…

Answer 10

hydrogen bonds between the base pairs and separates the bases from their complementary partners, but does not remove the bases from the backbone of their half of the double helix

Question 11

During S phase the exposed bases pair…

Answer 11

with new complementary bases tat are then synthesized into a new complementary strand

Question 12

The new complementary strand during S phase is synthesized with the help of what enzyme….

Answer 12

DNA polymerase

Question 13

Each of the new two strands of DNA will have…

Answer 13

one strand from the original double helix and one strand that was newly synthesized

Question 14

What happens during the G2 phase of interphase?

Answer 14

continued protein synthesis and cell growth in preparation for cell division

Question 15

Mitosis occurs to…

Answer 15

replace old and dying cells with genetically identical ones

Question 16

Cells that form a new organism via sexual reproduction are called….

Answer 16

gametes

Question 17

The process by which gametes reduce their DNA content is called….

Answer 17

meiosis

Question 18

Meiosis occurs only in….

Answer 18

gametes or fertilized eggs

Question 19

Cells that have two sets of chromosomes are known as…

Answer 19

diploid cells

Question 20

In mammals, all cells are diploid cells except…

Answer 20

gametes

Question 21

Cells that contain a single set of chromosomes are known as…

Answer 21

haploid cells

Question 22

In mammals, only ________ are haploid cells.

Answer 22

gametes

Question 23

In a diploid cell, each individual chromosome has a twin chromosome called a _________.

Answer 23

homologous chromosome

Question 24

In mitosis the individual chromosomes duplicate during the….

Answer 24

S phase

Question 25

In mitosis the individual chromosomes duplicate during the S phase and condense into...

Answer 25

chromosomes that have both copies of the individual chromosomes attached at one spot to form sister chromatids

Question 26

During metaphase of mitosis chromosomes with their sister chromatids line up on a plate called...

Answer 26

metaphase plate

Question 27

On the metaphase plate in mitosis what happens?

Answer 27

Spindle fibers form between the centrosomes and attach to the chromosomes on the metaphase plate. Sister chromatids separate and each one moves toward a different centrosome

Question 28

At the end of metaphase in mitosis....

Answer 28

one chromatid from each chromosome is near each centrosome

Question 29

When does cytokinesis begin in mitosis?

Answer 29

During anaphase

Question 30

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 30

separating the two sets of chromosomes into different cells

Question 31

List steps in mitosis...

Answer 31

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 32

Which phase: spindle fibers form

Answer 32

prophase

Question 33

Which phase: Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell

Answer 33

prophase

Question 34

Which phase: The nuclear membrane disappears

Answer 34

prophase

Question 35

Which phase: The chromosomes align midway along the spindle fibers

Answer 35

metaphase

Question 36

Which phase: The chromosomes begin to separate from their daughters

Answer 36

anaphase

Question 37

Which phase: cytokinesis begins

Answer 37

anaphase

Question 38

Which phase: spindle fibers disappear

Answer 38

telophase

Question 39

Which phase: Nuclear membranes reappear

Answer 39

telophase

Question 40

Which phase: cytokinesis is complete

Answer 40

telophase

Question 41

In meiotic metaphase the chromosomes are lined up in...

Answer 41

pairs of two homologous chromosomes

Question 42

In meiotic anaphase what separates?

Answer 42

homologous chromosomes separate but the sister chromatids stay together

Question 43

The result of meiosis is...

Answer 43

four haploid cells

Question 44

The result of mitosis is...

Answer 44

two diploid identical cells