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TEAS/ HESI > Cell replication > Flashcards

Cell replication Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during mitosis?

A

Cell duplication in which two daughter cells receive exactly the same nuclear material as the original cell

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2
Q

What are the different phases of interphase?

A

G1, S1, G2

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3
Q

What happens in the gaps between mitosis and DNA synthesis?

A

The cells DNA is available for transcription into RNA

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4
Q

The synthesis of the new DNA occurs in what phase?

A

S phase of interphase

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5
Q

What happens during G1?

A

The double helix unwinds to expose the bases

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6
Q

During G1 RNA bases pair with…

A

their complementary partners on the DNA to form the messenger RNA strand

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7
Q

During G1 once an entire gene is copied into the complementary messenger RNA….

A

the DNA double helix closes and the mRNA exits the nucleus, taking the information it contains to the ribosomes

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8
Q

In the S phase of interphase…

A

the DNA double helix unwinds with the help of enzymes

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9
Q

What are enzymes…

A

proteins that increase the speed of reactions

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10
Q

The enzymes during S phase breaks the…

A

hydrogen bonds between the base pairs and separates the bases from their complementary partners, but does not remove the bases from the backbone of their half of the double helix

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11
Q

During S phase the exposed bases pair…

A

with new complementary bases tat are then synthesized into a new complementary strand

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12
Q

The new complementary strand during S phase is synthesized with the help of what enzyme….

A

DNA polymerase

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13
Q

Each of the new two strands of DNA will have…

A

one strand from the original double helix and one strand that was newly synthesized

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14
Q

What happens during the G2 phase of interphase?

A

continued protein synthesis and cell growth in preparation for cell division

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15
Q

Mitosis occurs to…

A

replace old and dying cells with genetically identical ones

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16
Q

Cells that form a new organism via sexual reproduction are called….

A

gametes

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17
Q

The process by which gametes reduce their DNA content is called….

A

meiosis

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18
Q

Meiosis occurs only in….

A

gametes or fertilized eggs

19
Q

Cells that have two sets of chromosomes are known as…

A

diploid cells

20
Q

In mammals, all cells are diploid cells except…

A

gametes

21
Q

Cells that contain a single set of chromosomes are known as…

A

haploid cells

22
Q

In mammals, only ________ are haploid cells.

A

gametes

23
Q

In a diploid cell, each individual chromosome has a twin chromosome called a _________.

A

homologous chromosome

24
Q

In mitosis the individual chromosomes duplicate during the….

A

S phase

25
Q

In mitosis the individual chromosomes duplicate during the S phase and condense into…

A

chromosomes that have both copies of the individual chromosomes attached at one spot to form sister chromatids

26
Q

During metaphase of mitosis chromosomes with their sister chromatids line up on a plate called…

A

metaphase plate

27
Q

On the metaphase plate in mitosis what happens?

A

Spindle fibers form between the centrosomes and attach to the chromosomes on the metaphase plate. Sister chromatids separate and each one moves toward a different centrosome

28
Q

At the end of metaphase in mitosis….

A

one chromatid from each chromosome is near each centrosome

29
Q

When does cytokinesis begin in mitosis?

A

During anaphase

30
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

separating the two sets of chromosomes into different cells

31
Q

List steps in mitosis…

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

32
Q

Which phase: spindle fibers form

A

prophase

33
Q

Which phase: Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell

A

prophase

34
Q

Which phase: The nuclear membrane disappears

A

prophase

35
Q

Which phase: The chromosomes align midway along the spindle fibers

A

metaphase

36
Q

Which phase: The chromosomes begin to separate from their daughters

A

anaphase

37
Q

Which phase: cytokinesis begins

A

anaphase

38
Q

Which phase: spindle fibers disappear

A

telophase

39
Q

Which phase: Nuclear membranes reappear

A

telophase

40
Q

Which phase: cytokinesis is complete

A

telophase

41
Q

In meiotic metaphase the chromosomes are lined up in…

A

pairs of two homologous chromosomes

42
Q

In meiotic anaphase what separates?

A

homologous chromosomes separate but the sister chromatids stay together

43
Q

The result of meiosis is…

A

four haploid cells

44
Q

The result of mitosis is…

A

two diploid identical cells

TEAS/ HESI (19 decks)

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