Nervous system Flashcards
2 parts of the nervous system are….
CNS, PNS
The central nervous system consists of…
brain, spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system consists of…
cranial and spinal nerves that extend beyond the CNS
The PNS is divided into….
the autonomic nervous system, and the sensory-somatic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system controls ________ body functions.
automatic (heartbeat, digestion)
The autonomic system includes what two types of nerves?
sympathetic nerves, parasympathetic nerves
What nerves are active when a person is excited or scared
sympathetic nerves
What nerves are active when a person is at rest
parasympathetic nerves
The sensory-somatic nervous system consists of…
12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves and associated ganglia
What are ganglia?
collections of nerve cell bodies
The sensory-somatic nervous system controls what?
voluntary actions (talking and walking)
Nerve cells are called..
neurons
The functional units of the nervous system
neurons
The main parts of he neuron are…
cell body, axon, dendrites
What do dendrites do?
transmit the impulse toward the cell body
What do axons do?
transmit the impulse away from the cell body and connects one neuron with another neuron over a synapse
What is a synapse?
A fluid filled gap axons of neurons connect with each other over
The transmission of impulses to another neuron happens how fast?
About 90 meters per second
3 main functions of the nervous system
to provide sensory, motor, and integrative functions within the body.
The sensory function includes…
feeling pain, heat, and other stimuli
The motor function serves to..
carry electrical impulses from the CNS to the effectors
Effectors are most commonly …..
glands and muscles
The integrative function..
uses sensory information to make decisions by joining together sensory input with memories already stored in the brain.
Sensory neurons aka _______ transmit nerve impulses ________.
afferent, toward the CNS
Motor neurons aka _________ transmit nerve impulses _________.
efferent, away from the CNS
The cerebrum is associated with…
movement and sensory input
The cerebellum is responsible for…
muscular coordination
The medulla oblongata controls…
many vital functions such as respiration and heart rate
The spinal cord is how long?
Approximately 18 in
The spinal cord extends from where to where?
The base of the scull (foramen magnum) to the first or second lumbar vertebra (L1 or L2)
How many pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord?
31 pairs
What are simple (spinal) relexes?
Those in which nerve impulses travel through the spinal cord only and DO NOT reach the brain
Sensory impulses enter the ______________.
dorsal horns of the spinal cord
Motor impulses leave through the _________.
ventral horns of the spinal cord
