Basics + Histology Flashcards
The smallest parts of elements that still retain all the original properties of the element
Atoms
A chemical bonding of atoms that possesses its own characteristics independent of the atoms themselves
molecule
The basic unit of life
cells
Cells combine in terms of function and type to form…
tissues
Two or more tissue types working together to perform a specific function
organ
Organs working together to perform a task result is an…
organ system
The result of all organ systems working together within the body
organism
The hierarchy of the structure of the human body..
atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
4 types of basic tissue types in humans
epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
Two functions of epithelium
provide covering, or produce secretions
Epithelial tissue commonly exists in ________ and _______ have its own blood supply.
sheets, does not
Epithelium is dependent on _____ from the nearby ______ for food and oxygen.
diffusion, capillaries
Simple epithelium contains how many layers of cells
one
Simple epithelium is found where?
In body structures where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur.
Stratified epithelium has _____ layer of cells and serves as ______.
more than one, protection
Shapes of epithelial cells…
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Connective tissue is found where?
It serves to do what?
Throughout the body. Serves to connect different structures of the body.
Types of connective tissue…
bone, cartilage, adipose (fat), and blood vessel
Does connective tissue have its own blood supply?
Usually does but there are some types of connective tissue, such as ligaments, that do not.
Muscle tissue is dedicated to…
producing movement
Three types of muscle tissue…
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Skeletal muscle is _______ and is connected to _________.
voluntary movement, bones in the skeletal system
Smooth muscle is under__________.
involuntary control
Smooth muscle is found…..
in the walls of hollow organs, such as intestines, blood vessels, bladder, and uterus
Cardiac muscle is ________ and is found _________.
involuntary, only in the heart
Nervous tissue provides the structure for…..
the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Nerves are made up of cells called _______ that send _________.
neurons, electrical impulses throughout the body
Support cells in nervous tissue that help protect the tissue
myelin
Toward the upper end of the body or body structure
superior
Toward the lower end of the body or body structure
inferior
Toward the front of the body or body structure
anterior
Toward the back of the body or body structure
posterior
Toward the middle of the body or body structure
medial
Toward the outer sides of the body or body structure
lateral
Between medial and lateral
intermediate
Close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment
proximal
Away from the origin of the body part or point of attachment
distal
Toward or at the body surface
superficial
Away from or below the body surface
deep
Cut made along a horizontal plane dividing the body into right and left parts
sagittal section
Sagittal section made down the median of the body
midsagittal section
Cut made along a horizontal plane to divide the body into upper and lower regions
transverse section (cross section)
Cut made along a longitudinal plane that divides the body into front and back regions
frontal section (coronal section)
Contains the cranial cavity and spinal column
dorsal body cavity
Contains all the structures within the chest and abdomen
ventral body cavity
The __________ divides the ventral cavity into the thoracic cavity
diaphragm
Below the diaphragm are the ________ and ________ cavities.
abdominal, pelvic
This system breaks down food so that the nutrients can be easily passed into the blood and circulated throughout the body
digestive system
This system helps cleanse the blood and houses the white blood cells that are involved in protecting the body from environmental pathogens
lymphatic system
This system helps maintain the water and electrolyte balance within the body, regulates the acid-base balance in the blood, and removes all nitrogen-containing wastes from the body
urinary system
This system keeps all the cells in the body supplied with oxygen and removes the carbon dioxide
respiratory system
This system produces movement through contractions
muscular system
This system produces offspring
reproductive system
This system protects internal tissues from injury, waterproofs the body, and helps regulate body temperature. This system also serves as a barrier to foreign substances
integumentary system
This system provides support and protection for the body, supplies a framework used to create movement, and serves as storage for minerals, such as calcium
skeletal system
This system acts as the body’s control system and is necessary to protect the body from the changes in the internal and external environment
nervous system
This system controls body functions
endocrine system
This system works as the transportation system for substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients in the body
circulatory system
