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TEAS/ HESI > DNA/ RNA > Flashcards

DNA/ RNA Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleic acids include…

A

DNA & RNA

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2
Q

The job of nucleic acids is to…

A

store and transmit hereditary information

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3
Q

Structurally, a nucleic acid is a chain of…

A

nucleotides that consists of a pentose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

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4
Q

A pentose is…

A

a type of sugar

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5
Q

A phosphate group is…

A

a molecule in the backbone of DNA and RNA that links adjoining bases together

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6
Q

A nitrogenous base is….

A

a molecule found in DNA and RNA that encodes the genetic information in cells

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7
Q

What are the 5 types of nitrogenous bases?

A

adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil

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8
Q

Which base is unique to DNA?

A

thymine

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9
Q

Which base is unique to RNA?

A

uracil

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10
Q

DNA is most often seen in a structure known as…

A

the double helix

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11
Q

The double helix is able to worm because..

A

weak bods form between the hydrogen atoms and oxygen or nitrogen atoms between bases in the complementary strands of DNA

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12
Q

DNA’s weak bond is called…

A

a hydrogen bond because one partner in the bond is always a hydrogen aton

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13
Q

In DNA adenine (A) always pairs with….

A

thymine (T)

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14
Q

In DNA guanine (G) always pairs with…

A

cytosine (C)

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15
Q

Which two are purines?

A

adenine and guanine

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16
Q

Which two are pyrimidines?

A

thymine and cytosine

17
Q

In RNA uracil is used instead of…

A

thymine

18
Q

RNA exists as…

A

a singlestranded string of nucleotides

19
Q

What is the pentose component in DNA?

A

deoxyribose

20
Q

What is the pentose component in RNA?

A

ribose

21
Q

Both DNA and RNA include the elements….

A

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus

22
Q

DNA’s thought of as…

A

the genetic blueprint of the call

23
Q

RNA is though of as..

A

the messenger within the cell

24
Q

The message stored in the bases of DNA must be…

A

transferred to the ribosomes to make proteins

25
Q

What is transcription?

A

Cells copying the instructions in the DNA into RNA

26
Q

The process of protein production from messenger RNA is called…

A

translation

27
Q

Chromosomes contain…

A

sections called genes, which contain the information that specifies the production of proteins

28
Q

Genes send messages within the cell and to other cells in the form of a code, which is made possible through….

A

complementary base pairing

29
Q

Within the genes are..

A

double-stranded molecules of DNA

30
Q

At the ribosome, the RNA code is translated into…

A

an amino-acid chain

31
Q

A chain of amino acids results in a…

A

protein

32
Q

A protein consists of information derived from…

A

DNA and RNA

33
Q

What are the substances that preside over protein production?

A

Chromosomes, genes, DNA, RNA

34
Q

Large structures of DNA that contain the genes are called….

A

chromosomes

TEAS/ HESI (19 decks)

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