DNA/ RNA Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleic acids include…

A

DNA & RNA

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2
Q

The job of nucleic acids is to…

A

store and transmit hereditary information

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3
Q

Structurally, a nucleic acid is a chain of…

A

nucleotides that consists of a pentose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

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4
Q

A pentose is…

A

a type of sugar

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5
Q

A phosphate group is…

A

a molecule in the backbone of DNA and RNA that links adjoining bases together

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6
Q

A nitrogenous base is….

A

a molecule found in DNA and RNA that encodes the genetic information in cells

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7
Q

What are the 5 types of nitrogenous bases?

A

adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil

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8
Q

Which base is unique to DNA?

A

thymine

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9
Q

Which base is unique to RNA?

A

uracil

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10
Q

DNA is most often seen in a structure known as…

A

the double helix

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11
Q

The double helix is able to worm because..

A

weak bods form between the hydrogen atoms and oxygen or nitrogen atoms between bases in the complementary strands of DNA

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12
Q

DNA’s weak bond is called…

A

a hydrogen bond because one partner in the bond is always a hydrogen aton

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13
Q

In DNA adenine (A) always pairs with….

A

thymine (T)

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14
Q

In DNA guanine (G) always pairs with…

A

cytosine (C)

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15
Q

Which two are purines?

A

adenine and guanine

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16
Q

Which two are pyrimidines?

A

thymine and cytosine

17
Q

In RNA uracil is used instead of…

18
Q

RNA exists as…

A

a singlestranded string of nucleotides

19
Q

What is the pentose component in DNA?

A

deoxyribose

20
Q

What is the pentose component in RNA?

21
Q

Both DNA and RNA include the elements….

A

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus

22
Q

DNA’s thought of as…

A

the genetic blueprint of the call

23
Q

RNA is though of as..

A

the messenger within the cell

24
Q

The message stored in the bases of DNA must be…

A

transferred to the ribosomes to make proteins

25
What is transcription?
Cells copying the instructions in the DNA into RNA
26
The process of protein production from messenger RNA is called...
translation
27
Chromosomes contain...
sections called genes, which contain the information that specifies the production of proteins
28
Genes send messages within the cell and to other cells in the form of a code, which is made possible through....
complementary base pairing
29
Within the genes are..
double-stranded molecules of DNA
30
At the ribosome, the RNA code is translated into...
an amino-acid chain
31
A chain of amino acids results in a...
protein
32
A protein consists of information derived from...
DNA and RNA
33
What are the substances that preside over protein production?
Chromosomes, genes, DNA, RNA
34
Large structures of DNA that contain the genes are called....
chromosomes