DNA/ RNA Flashcards
Nucleic acids include…
DNA & RNA
The job of nucleic acids is to…
store and transmit hereditary information
Structurally, a nucleic acid is a chain of…
nucleotides that consists of a pentose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
A pentose is…
a type of sugar
A phosphate group is…
a molecule in the backbone of DNA and RNA that links adjoining bases together
A nitrogenous base is….
a molecule found in DNA and RNA that encodes the genetic information in cells
What are the 5 types of nitrogenous bases?
adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil
Which base is unique to DNA?
thymine
Which base is unique to RNA?
uracil
DNA is most often seen in a structure known as…
the double helix
The double helix is able to worm because..
weak bods form between the hydrogen atoms and oxygen or nitrogen atoms between bases in the complementary strands of DNA
DNA’s weak bond is called…
a hydrogen bond because one partner in the bond is always a hydrogen aton
In DNA adenine (A) always pairs with….
thymine (T)
In DNA guanine (G) always pairs with…
cytosine (C)
Which two are purines?
adenine and guanine
Which two are pyrimidines?
thymine and cytosine
In RNA uracil is used instead of…
thymine
RNA exists as…
a singlestranded string of nucleotides
What is the pentose component in DNA?
deoxyribose
What is the pentose component in RNA?
ribose
Both DNA and RNA include the elements….
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus
DNA’s thought of as…
the genetic blueprint of the call
RNA is though of as..
the messenger within the cell
The message stored in the bases of DNA must be…
transferred to the ribosomes to make proteins
What is transcription?
Cells copying the instructions in the DNA into RNA
The process of protein production from messenger RNA is called…
translation
Chromosomes contain…
sections called genes, which contain the information that specifies the production of proteins
Genes send messages within the cell and to other cells in the form of a code, which is made possible through….
complementary base pairing
Within the genes are..
double-stranded molecules of DNA
At the ribosome, the RNA code is translated into…
an amino-acid chain
A chain of amino acids results in a…
protein
A protein consists of information derived from…
DNA and RNA
What are the substances that preside over protein production?
Chromosomes, genes, DNA, RNA
Large structures of DNA that contain the genes are called….
chromosomes
