PART 3 Flashcards
● Organisms that have been genetically engineered so that they carry one or more foreign genes from a different species
Transgenic Organisms
● Bigger challenge
More difficult to introduce foreign DNA into animal cells
○ Cloning more difficult
Transgenic animals
● More vitamins and better pest resistance
● Increase resistance to freezing
● Longer shelf life
● Increase vitamin A
● Edible vaccines
● Human proteins
● Increase resistance to pests
● Creates bigger leaves
○ Needed for photosynthesis
Transgenic Plants
● Introducing human genes into dairy animals in such a way that the human protein is produced in the dairy animal’s milk
Gene Pharming
● Introduction of human genes into human cells to treat or correct a disease
GENE THERAPY
● Human genes can be packaged and inject the genes
Retroviruses
○ An autosomal recessive
○ Inherited disorder
○ Highly susceptible to infection
○ Gene therapy
■ Attempt to introduce the gene for ADA into the patient’s T cell
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
○ Experimentally delivering the
“normal” gene in a viral vector to the recipients in a nasal spray
Cystic Fibrosis
○ Adds genes for interleukins into cancer cells
○ Cell death and checkpoints
Cancer
RNA cannot be used in
a PCR so the RNA needs to be DNA to be used
T OR F
TRUE
Purpose: to trigger a response for antibodies
VACCINES
■ Contains genetic
make-up of the virus or
bacteria
Genetic VACCINE
Live but weakened
■ Oral Polio vaccine
■ Codagenix
WEAKENED / ATTENUATED VACCINE
■ Kumuha ng protein sa
virus or bacteria
■ Novavax, Sanofi/GSK
■ Hepatitis B vaccine
Protein VACCINE
■ Patay na
■ Sinovax, Sinopharm, Bharat Biotech
■ Influenza vaccine
Inactivated VACCINE
● Tackles forest regeneration
Socio-ecological systems
● There is an increase in the
contaminated substances.
● Companinants such as heavy
metals could be from pesticides.
Biological magnification
● Tackles rising sea levels.
Climate change
● Substances released from industrial activities are released into the water exosystem and are absorbed by marine life.
Biological magnification
● Any poisonous chemical substance and its by-products or organism present in our immediate environment that negatively affects human health.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS
● Naturally occurring substances that accumulate and cause damage to the environment and living beings, including humans.
HEAVY METALS
Include substances known as semimetals or metalloids that can have the same deleterious effects.
● There are around 35 metals of concern. 23 of them are heavy metals.
HEAVY METALS
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL:
● Rocks,
eruption, dust particles, aerosols, and sea spray
Natural
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL
● Inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, wastewater, fungicides, sewage sludge, and fly ash
Agricultural
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL:
ORGanic waste, inorganic waste, biomass burning, e-waste, used filters, and used batteries
domestic
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL
● Thermal power, industrial waste, mining industry, refineries, and chemical industry
Industrial
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL:
● Landfills, medical waste, traffic emissions, incineration, and other emissions
Miscellaneous
from discharge of heavy metals in gaseous, liquid, or solid form)
pollution
■ Through soil
contamination
Direct pollution
■ Through water and air
contamination
Indirect pollution
