GEN BIO AMELIORATE

Question 1

detect certain conditions produced by genes

Answer 1

Genetic testing –

Question 2

– the study of genes and their transmission from one generation to the next

Answer 2

Genetics

Question 3

– location of a specific pair of genes

Answer 3

Gene locus

Question 4

– DNA sequences that contain instructions for building proteins

Answer 4

Genes

Question 5

– the complete genetic material of an organism along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequence

Answer 5

Genome

Question 6

– a cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and associated protein molecules

Answer 6

Chromosomes

Question 7

• complete set of alleles inherited from parents

Answer 7

Genotype

Question 8

• observable physical and functional traits

Answer 8

Phenotype

Question 9

● Two identical alleles at a particular locus

Answer 9

Homozygous Chromosomes

Question 10

● Two different alleles at a particular locus

Answer 10

Heterozygous Chromosomes

Question 11

● Masks or suppresses the expression of its complementary allele
● Always expressed even if heterozygous

Answer 11

Dominant Allele

Question 12

● Will not be expressed if paired with a dominant allele (heterozygous)
● Will only be expressed if individual is homozygous for the recessive allele

Answer 12

Recessive Allele

Question 13

Worked with pea plants in the 1850s
in Austria and did multiple genetic experiments to develop basic inheritance rules.

Answer 13

Gregor Mendel

Question 14

● Father of modern genetics

Answer 14

Gregor Mendel

Question 15

Gregor Mendel rules

Answer 15

1. Law of Segregation
2. Law of Independent
   Assortment
3. Law of Dominance

Question 16

● Gametes carry only one allele of each gene
● The dominant and recessive or any
other pairings will eventually separate

Answer 16

Law of Segregation

Question 16

● Dominant will always be expressed
● Recessive will only be expressed if it’s
homozygous

Answer 16

Law of Dominance

Question 17

● Crossing of 2 traits

Answer 17

Dihybrid Cross

Question 17

● Crossing of 1 trait

Answer 17

Monohybrid Cross

Question 18

● Genes for different traits are separated from each other independently during meiosis – crossing over
● This applies only if the two genes in questions are on different chromosomes

Answer 18

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 19

● A table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given

Answer 19

Punnett Square

Question 20

Both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed

Dominant – Red
Recessive – White
Offspring – Pink

Answer 20

incomplete

Question 21

The dominant
overpowers recessive

Dominant – Red
Recessive – White
Offspring – Red

Answer 21

Complete

Question 22

– failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly

Answer 22

Nondisjunction

Question 22

Both alleles are expressed equally

Dominant – Red
Recessive – White
Offspring – Red & White

Answer 22

Co-dominance

Question 23

● Trisomy 21 – extra copy of chromosome in the 21st chromosome in the karyotype

mental development is retarded

Answer 23

Down Syndrome (47, 21+)

Question 24

● Monosomy – absence of one member of a pair of chromosomes
● AllorpartofoneX
chromosome
is
absent ● Short
stature, neck, rudimentary ovaries,
webbed
underdeveloped breasts, broad-shield-like chest

Answer 24

turner Syndrome (45, XO)

Question 25

A taller, less muscular body than males their age

● Broader hips and longer legs, larger breasts, weaker bones, a smaller penis, and testicles, less facial and body
hair following puberty

● Lower energy level, delay in puberty or go a parcel amount

Answer 25

Klinefelter Syndrome (47, XXY)

Question 26

● Extremely tall, no facial and body hair, breast development
● Osteoporosis, feminine fat distribution, small testis

Answer 26

Jacob Syndrome (47, XYY)

Question 26

● Total chromosomes: 47
● 21+: +1 in the 21st pair of
chromosomes

Answer 26

Down Syndrome (47, 21+)

Question 27

Total chromosomes: 47
XXY: extra X copy of chromosome

Answer 27

Klinefelter Syndrome (47, XXY)

Question 28

Total chromosomes: 45
XO: 0 chromosome (absent)

Answer 28

Turner Syndrome (45, XO)

Question 29

Total chromosomes: 7
XYY: extra Y copy of chromosome

Answer 29

Jacob Syndrome (47, XYY)

Question 30

– a piece of a chromosome breaks off

Answer 30

Deletions

Question 31

– a piece of chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome

Answer 31

Translocations