central dogma / human chromosomes - 1st part of LQ2 Flashcards
1st part of LQ2
3 main steps of central dogma
replication
transcription
translation
the entirety of all our genetic material
genome
project where they were able to establish and read the sequences in an entire human person
human genome project
the most organized system that our bodies have designed to organize our DNA strands
chromosome
what does chromo mean
colored
what does soma mean
body
what do u call the first 22 pairs in the body
autosomes
the last 1 pair
allosome
these are proteins that are always clumped together
histones
these are responsible for coiling our dna strands
histones
After coiling around histones, the DNA forms larger coils, eventually organizing into structures known as ————-.
chromatin
parts of a chromosome
arms, centromere, telomere, *deletion
these are the short arms
p arm
these are the long arms
q arm
the binding structure in the
middle
centromere
Protection of the ends of the
chromosome arms.
telomere
telomere gets damaged, the the chromosome gets ?
deleted
what is allosome of females
XX
what is the allosome of males
XY
These are body cells in the human chromosome
autosome
helps you determine the gender
karyotype
kayro means?
nucleus
cyto means?
cell
mismatch in the size of the pairs is only acceptable for the?
23rd pair
this is the replication of DNA
replication
the creation of rna
dna - rna
transcription
creation of proteins
rna - protein
translation
important because it holds the instructions for who we are.
DNA
They provide many internal benefits, making them one of the most vital biomolecules for functional life.
protein
make things more efficient, not just about speed, but also about reducing stress on the body. It’s about completing tasks quickly and minimizing fatigue.
enzymes
Proteins that help us
transport
transport proteins
Ubiquinone and Cytochrome C are examples of?
transport proteins
Specific sequences, areas, and points are supposed to align with each other.
genes
The order of nucleotides in a gene determines the code for a specific polypeptide chain.
● NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES
RNA’s language is composed of nucleotide sequences such as?
GCU
language of proteins corresponds to ?
the amino acid alanine.
what are the monomers of
nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
—– have two fused aromatic rings in their structure.
Purines
—– have a single aromatic ring structure.
Pyrimidines
Thymine (T) pairs with
—— via two
hydrogen bonds.
adenine (A)
——- pairs with
guanine (G) via three
hydrogen bonds.
Cytosine (C)
Refers to a sugar molecule
with five carbons.
Pentose sugar
these are single stranded and contains uracil, ribose, and Nucleotide bases
RNA
