DNA TRANSLATION (4TH PART OF LQ2) Flashcards
Second step in gene expression
DNA TRANSLATION
It guides the mRNA to the exact location where it should dock for protein synthesis to occur.
`rRNA signals
Stop Codon:
UAA, UAG, UGA
Start Codon:
AUG
facilitate the transfer of amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain in a ribosome.
TRNA
→ Processing and lengthening of the polypeptide chain
→ holds the tRNA that carries the next amino acid to be added to the chain
A Site
→ exit
→ where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome
E Site
The A site accepts a protein called a release factor
TERMINATION
→ Once they are detected, it attracts the release factor, and the process concludes.
Release Factor
These proteins are synthesized specifically for cytosolic functions and are utilized for local cellular processes.
➔ Free ribosome
You need the assistance of
another organelle, which is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
➔ Bound ribosome
Ribosomes are identical and can switch from — to —?
free to bound
this alteration of cellular activities consequently impacts the human form, influencing physical appearance, emotions, and psychological functioning.
○ Steroidal Hormones
These nucleic acids retain the ability to enter the nucleus, as they are still nucleic acids.
○ Steroidal Hormones
plays a significant role in
the changes that occur during puberty, influencing the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair growth, deepening of the voice, and muscle mass increase.
Testosterone
→ influences both how you
feel and how you look by altering its levels.
Estrogen
do not enter the nucleus but rather remain outside in the cytosol.
→ They have a very short duration of
action since their effects are primarily due to activation. Changes in the levels of these hormones are instantly felt.
○ Non-Steroidal Hormones
are endocrine hormones that play a crucial role in regulating glucose levels and glycolysis.
⧫ Insulin & Glucagon
You receive RNA strands, which are then released into the ribosomes. Here, the ribosomes convert the RNA into proteins.
○ Non-replicating Vaccine
You are injected with mRNA,
which is then released into the cytosol. This mRNA has the ability to self-amplify, meaning it can replicate itself to produce more mRNA.
○ Self amplifying Vaccine
