part 3

Question 1

refers to the inheritance of traits that are determined by the interaction of multiple genes

Answer 1

POLYGENIC INHERITANCE

Question 2

These traits are not solely influenced by the genes inherited from one’s parents but rather by the combined effects of many genes working together.

Answer 2

POLYGENIC INHERITANCE

Question 3

are usually
distributed within a population as a continuous range of values

Answer 3

Polygenic traits

Question 4

creates diversity, ensuring each person is unique. Even twins differ due to the complex interaction of multiple genes.

Answer 4

Polygenic inheritance

Question 5

are two genes that are closely situated on the same chromosome.

Answer 5

Linked alleles

Question 6

They are physically adjacent, often overlapping, indicating that during genetic recombination processes such as crossing over, they are unlikely to separate. This suggests that certain alleles remain together even when crossing over occurs.

Answer 6

Linked alleles

Question 7

refer to genetic traits or conditions that are
specifically associated with the sex chromosomes, namely the X and Y chromosomes in humans.

Answer 7

Sex-linked chromosomes

Question 8

have one X and one Y chromosome

Answer 8

Males:

Question 9

have two X chromosomes

Answer 9

females

Question 10

→ The sex doesn’t matter. Both males
and females are affected.

Answer 10

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT

Question 11

Refers to a pattern of inheritance
where the presence of a single copy of the dominant allele on one of the autosomal chromosomes is sufficient to express the trait.

Answer 11

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT

Question 12

It appears in every generation of an affected family and affected individuals.

Answer 12

★ Huntington’s disease

Question 13

The sex doesn’t matter. Both males
and females are affected.

Answer 13

● AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE

Question 14

Refers to a pattern of inheritance where individuals must inherit two
copies of the recessive allele to express the trait

Answer 14

● AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE

Question 15

→ This may skip generations, as carriers may not exhibit symptoms but can pass the allele to the offspring

Answer 15

● AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE

Question 16

Normal disjunction:

Answer 16

4 haploid cells

Question 17

occurs during cell division,
particularly during meiosis, where chromosomes or chromatids fail to separate properly.

Answer 17

● NON-DISJUNCTION

Question 18

non-disjunction is either:

Answer 18

monosomy or trisomy

Question 19

Piece of a chromosome breaks off

We can easily detect this with karyotype.

Mutated chromosomes

★ Cri-du-chat syndrome, caused by a deletion from chromosomes 5

Answer 19

deletions

Question 20

Deletion of chromosome 5

usually found in the crying of babies, is characterized by a distinct high-pitched cry resembling that of a cat.

Answer 20

Cri-du-chat Syndrome

Question 21

severe developmental delay and cognitive deficits and distinctive facial abnormalities

Answer 21

Cri-du-chat Syndrome

Question 22

Piece of chromosome breaks off and re-attaches to a different chromosome

Answer 22

TRANSLOCATIONS

Question 23

Change of location, a process similar to crossing over but is intended to occur only during meiosis. If translocation occurs outside of meiosis, it can result in a genetic disorder.

Answer 23

TRANSLOCATIONS

Question 24

Everyone is affected without skipping generations. This means that at least one individual in every generation carries or expresses the trait, even if not all members of the generation have it.

Answer 24

DOMINANT

Question 25

It may skip generations but can be carried and potentially expressed in future offspring.

Answer 25

RECESSIVE