genetics and inheritance Flashcards
involves the transmission of genetic material from parents to offspring, ensuring the continuity of genetic traits across generations.
inheritance
refers to an
organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its environment, thereby passing on its genes to the next generation.
biological fitness
reflects the organism’s reproductive success and the effectiveness of its traits in adapting to and thriving in its ecological niche.
biological fitness
scientific study of genes,
heredity, and variation in living organisms
genetics
involves understanding how traits are passed down from one generation to the next through the transmission of genetic information encoded in DNA.
genetics
DNA Sequences that contain
instructions for building proteins
genes
occur in pairs, with one inherited from each parent.
genes
Genes from both parents have the same structure and function
T OR F
TRUE
genes are not parallel to each other as they do not necessarily code for the same gene all the time
t or f
false
paired genes are parallel to
each other as they code for the same gene or trait.
represent the complete set of genetic material present in an organism, encompassing all of its DNA, including both coding and non-coding regions.
genomes
involve the comprehensive
examination of an individual’s genetic material to gather valuable information
Genome Wide Arrays (GWA)
Structures within the nucleus, composed of DNA and protein
Chromosomes
refers to the composite
visual display of all the chromosomes of an individual, showing all 23 pairs of chromosomes lined up side-by-side.
karyotype
chromosomes should ideally be parallel to each other. Any deviation could indicate deletion. However, the ________, which determines the sex, is an exception for this.
allosome
The location of a specific pair of genes
Each autosome contains the same genes at this location.
Gene locus
are specific and alternative
versions of the same gene pair, occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes
alleles
refer to chromosome pairs that are similar in size, shape, and banding pattern, with one member of each pair inherited from each parent.
homologous
Two identical alleles at a particular locus
Homozygous
AA
Dominant Homozygous
aa
recessive homozygous
Two different alleles at a particular
locus
Heterozygous
dominant heterozygous
A
recessive heterozygous
a
Masks or suppresses the expression
of its complementary allele
Always expressed, even if
heterozygous
Are not always more common
than recessive one; sometimes they may be rare in a population
dominant allele
Will not be expressed if paired with a dominant allele
Will only be expressed if individual is homozygous for the __
Recessive allele
An individual’s complete set of alleles.
genotype
The complete genetic material of an organism along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequence
genotype
Determines the genetic makeup of an organism.
genotype
Determines the potential range of phenotypic traits an organism can express.
genotype
Observable physical and
functional traits
phenotype
Reflects the expression of genetic information through development and interaction with the environment.
Phenotype
Worked with pea plants in the
1850s in Austria
→ Did multiple genetic experiments
to develop basic rules of inheritance
● Gregor Mendell
