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Part 1 Boards > Part 1: Spnal Anatomy (ENT, Spinal Structures, Landmarks) > Flashcards

Part 1: Spnal Anatomy (ENT, Spinal Structures, Landmarks) Flashcards

1
Q

Hearing turns _______ waves into ________ waves

A

Mechanical; Fluid

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2
Q

What does MISO Soup mean? (Ear)

A

M: Malleus
I: Incus
S: Stapes
O: Oval window

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3
Q

What part of the ear contains fluid?

A

Oval window

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4
Q

The Oval window of the ear contains fluid. ____________ is outside and ___________is inside

A

Perilymph (Na+ Outside)
Endolymph (K+ Inside)

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5
Q

Gyrus of Heschl is responsible for and is located in:

A

Hearing; superior gyrus in the temporal lobe

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6
Q

Anatomy of the Cochlea image:

A
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7
Q

What is responsible for static equilibrium?

A

Macula/Saccula

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8
Q

What part of the ear is responsible for linear acceleration?

A

Utricle

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9
Q

What part of the ear is responsible for angular acceleration?

A

Semicircular canals

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10
Q

What is responsible for dilation of the semicircular canals?

A

Crista Ampularis (contains crystals)

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11
Q

Smell pathway steps: (4)

A

Cribiform Plate -> Olfactory bulb -> Olfactory radiations
-> Uncus

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12
Q

The Uncus of parahippocampus is responsible for:

A

Sense of smell

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13
Q

The Dentate of hippocampus is responsible for:

A

Memory & smell

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14
Q

The fornix of the nose is responsible for:

A

Midline connection to the hippocampus

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15
Q

The Amygdaloid of the nose is responsible for:

A

Emotional response to smell

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16
Q

The Superior nasal meatus drains

A

The posterior ethmoid recess

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17
Q

The inferior nasal meatus drains

A

The nasolacrimal ducts

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18
Q

The Middle nasal meatus drains:

A

Frontal, sphenoid & Maxillary’s (Everything else)

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19
Q

What does this Joint classification Mean? Synarthrosis

A

Immovable / Fibrous

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20
Q

What does this Joint classification Mean? Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly moveable / Cartilaginous

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21
Q

What does this Joint classification Mean? Diarthrosis

A

Freely Moveable / Synovial

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22
Q

Examples of Synostosis joints:

A

Sutures of skull

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23
Q

Examples of Gomphosis joints:

A

Teeth

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24
Q

Examples of Synchondrosis joints:

A

Epiphyseal plates, hyaline cartilage (temporary joints)

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25
Q

Examples of Symphysis joints:

A

IVD, Pubic symphysis, fibrocartilage

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26
Q

Examples of Syndesmosis joints:

A

Interosseous membranes (Tib/fib & radioulnar)

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27
Q

Examples of Hinge (ginglymus) joints:

A

Cubital/humeral ulnar joint

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28
Q

Examples of Pivot (Trochoid) joints:

A

Atlas/axia, proximal radioulnar joint

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29
Q

Examples of Ovoid (condlymus) joints:

A

Radiocarpal, MCP, TMJ, Knee (modified)

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30
Q

Examples of Saddle (sellar) joints:

A

1st metacarpal/trapezium, SC joint

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31
Q

Examples of Gliding (Plana) joints:

A

Facets, AC, intercarpal/tarsal’s

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32
Q

Examples of Ball & Socket (spheroidal) joints:

A

Coxafemoral, GH joint’s

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33
Q

SI joint are atypical and are considered:

A

Diarthrodial (bottom 1/3)
Fibrous (Top 1/3)

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34
Q

What is an example of the atypical Schindylesis joint?

A

Perpendicular articulation of ethmoid & vomer bones

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35
Q

What are the 3 anterior spinal ligaments?

A

ALL, PLL & IVD

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36
Q

What are the 3 middle spinal ligaments?

A

Ligamentum flavum, capsular ligament & intertransverse ligament

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37
Q

What are the 3 posterior spinal ligaments?

A

Interspinous, supraspinous & Ligamentum nuchae

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38
Q

The ALL from Occiput to atlas limits and in known as

A

Extension; anterior Atlanto-occipital ligament

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39
Q

Path of the Anterior longitudinal ligament:

A

Front of VB’s from sacrum -> C2

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40
Q

Location of the Posterior longitudinal ligament:

A

Back of VB’s

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41
Q

Where is the posterior longitudinal ligament the thickest? Thinnest?

A

Wider in C Spine, Thinner in L Spine, Thinnest at L5

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42
Q

The tectoral membrane limits _______ and is located where?

A

Flexion; (PLL) from C2 to Occiput

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43
Q

The IVD gives what percent of the spine height?

A

25%

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44
Q

The IVD’s are made out of

A

Fibrocaritlage

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45
Q

The Ligamentum flavum travels from

A

Lamina to lamina

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46
Q

The posterior Atlantoaxial ligament is the…

A

Ligamentum flavum from C2 -> C1

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47
Q

The posterior atlantooccipital ligament is the…

A

Ligamentum flavum from C1 -> Occiput

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48
Q

The Ligamentum flavum has a high _______________ and limits _________

A

Elastic content; flexion

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49
Q

The capsular ligament travels from

A

AP to AP

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50
Q

The supraspinous ligament travels from

A

Spinous to spinous

51
Q

The ligementum nuchae is the

A

Supraspinous ligaments from C7 to Occiput

52
Q

Function of the Transverse Ligament:

A

Holds dens in fovea denalis of atlas

53
Q

Location of the Cruciate Ligament:

A

Occiput to Body of C2 (cross shaped)

54
Q

The Alar Ligament limits:

A

C2 Rotation

55
Q

The Apical Dental ligament limits:

A

Flexion & Extension of C2

56
Q

Location of the Apical Dental ligament

A

Apex of dens -> anterior aspect of foramen

57
Q

Location of the Alar ligament:

A

Sides of the Dens to the Occipital condyles

58
Q

What ligament is also known as the “Check ligament”?

A

Alar Ligament

59
Q

The dentate ligaments connect

A

The pia to dura mater along spinal cord

60
Q

Origin & Insertion of the Oblique Capitus Superior

A

O: TP of C1
I: Above nuchal line

61
Q

Origin & Insertion of the Oblique Capitus Inferior

A

O: SP of C2
I: TP of C1

62
Q

Origin & Insertion of the Rectus Capitus Posterior Major

A

O: SP of C2
I: Lateral Nuchal Line

63
Q

Origin & Insertion of the Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor

A

O: Posterior C1 Tubercle
I: Below Nuchal Line

64
Q

Action of the Oblique Capitus Superior

A

External and Lateral Head Rotation

65
Q

Unique facts about the Oblique Capitus Superior (2)

A

1) Lateral part of triangle
2) does NOT attach to C2

66
Q

Action of the Oblique Capitus Inferior

A

Rotation of C1 on C2

67
Q

Unique facts about the Oblique Capitus Inferior (2)

A

1) Inferior part of triangle
2) Does NOT attach to Occiput

68
Q

Action of the Rectus Capitus Posterior Major

A

External and Lateral Ratation of the head

69
Q

Unique facts about the Rectus Capitus Posterior Major (2)

A

1) Medial part of triangle
2) Does NOT attach to C1

70
Q

Action of the Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor

A

External and Lateral rotation of head

71
Q

Unique facts about the Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor (2)

A

1) Not a part of the triangle
2) Does NOT attach to C2

72
Q

Sacral Homologs to Vertebrae (Spinouses, Articular Pillars & TVP’s)

A

SP’s: Median Sacral Crest
AP’s: Medial of Intermediate sacral crest
TVP’s: Lateral sacral crest

73
Q

How many IVD’s are in the spine?

A

23

74
Q

What type of collagen is the Nucleous pulposis made of?

A

Type II Collagen

75
Q

After what age are IVD’s avascular?

A

20

76
Q

What muscles contribute to Contralateral rotation of the spine?

A

1) Rotatores (1-2 segments)
2) Multifidus (3-4 segments)
3) Semispinalis (3-6 segments)

77
Q

The dural sac travels from

A

L2-S2

78
Q

What is the end of the spinal cord called?

A

Conus medullaris

79
Q

Path of the Filum Terminale:

A

From conus medularis to coccyx

80
Q

CN that associates with the corresponding Brachial Arch: 1st mandibular

A

CN V

81
Q

CN that associates with the corresponding Brachial Arch: 2nd Hyoid

A

CN VII

82
Q

CN that associates with the corresponding Brachial Arch: 3rd Thymus

A

CNIX

83
Q

CN that associates with the corresponding Brachial Arch: 4th-6th Thyroid & Cricoid

A

CN X

84
Q

The brachial arch is derived from

A

The neural crest

85
Q

What bones/cartilage are derived from the mandibular (1st) brachial arch? (3)

A

1) Mandible
2) Malleus
3) Incus

86
Q

What bones/cartilage are derived from the Hyoid (2nd) brachial arch? (3)

A

1) Stapes
2) Styloid process
3) Cornu of hyoid

87
Q

What bones/cartilage are derived from the Thymus (3rd) Brachial arch? (2)

A

1) Body of hyoid
2) Greater Cornu

88
Q

What bones/cartilage are derived from the thyroid (4th-6th) brachial arch? (1)

A

Laryngeal Cartilage

89
Q

What muscles are derived from the (1st) Mandibular Brachial Arch? (4)

A

1) Muscle of mastication (all)
2) tensor tympani
3) tensor veil palatini
4) ant. Belly of diagastric

90
Q

What muscles are derived from the (2nd) Hyoid Brachial Arch? (4)

A

1) Facial expression muscles
2) Stylohyoid
3) Stapedius
4) Post. Belly of diagastric

91
Q

What muscles are derived from the (3rd) Thymus Brachial Arch? (1)

A

Stylopharyngeus

92
Q

What muscles are derived from the (4th-6th) Thyroid/Cricoid Brachial Arch? (3)

A

1) muscles. Of the Larynx
2) Cricothyroid
3) Levator Veli Palatine

93
Q

What ribs are considered typical & atypical?

A

Typical: 3-9
Atypical: 1-2, 10-12

94
Q

The 1st rib has a groove for what structures?

A

Subclavian artery & Vein

95
Q

What rib does the anterior and middle scalene attach to?

A

1st rib

96
Q

What rib does the posterior scalene attach to?

A

2nd Rib

97
Q

What rib does the stratus anterior attach to?

A

2nd rib

98
Q

What ribs have a full facet and demifacet?

A

T1 and T10

99
Q

What ribs have a single full facet?

A

T11-12

100
Q

Radiate ligaments of the ribs connect

A

Front of the rib head with body of vertebrae

101
Q

Interarticular ligament of the ribs connect

A

Front of the rib with body of vertebrae

102
Q

Costotransverse ligaments of the ribs connect

A

Rib to TVP’s

103
Q

What shape is the spinal canal at the C, T & L spines?

A

C: triangular
T: oval/circle
L: Triangular

104
Q

If someone has 6 Lumbar vertebrae it is called:

A

Lumbarization

105
Q

The superior and inferior borders of the IVF consist of

A

Pedicle or “vertebral notch”

106
Q

The anterior portion of the IVF consists of:

A

Disc & Body
C Spine includes uncinate
Thoracic includes rib heads

107
Q

The posterior border of the IVF’s consists of

A

Articular facets (AP’s) (Z Joints)

108
Q

What fusion is known as pathological?

A

Ankylosis

109
Q

What fusion is known as surgical?

A

Arthrodesis

110
Q

What fusion is known as congenital?

A

Coalition

111
Q

Fascial coverings of a nerve: Endoneurium

A

Covers nerve fiber

112
Q

Fascial coverings of a nerve: Perineurium

A

Covers a fascicle (most elastic)

113
Q

Fascial coverings of a nerve: Epineurium

A

Covers a peripheral nerve

114
Q

Fascial coverings of a nerve are made of

A

Fibroblasts

115
Q

STUDY NERVE ROOTS AND CORRESPONDING NERVE

A

Page 12 of Spinal Anatomy

116
Q

What muscle makes up the slope of the neck?

A

Trapezius

117
Q

What muscle elevates the first four ribs during inspiration?

A

Serratus Posterior Superior

118
Q

What muscle depresses the last four ribs during exhalation?

A

Serratus posterior inferior

119
Q

Structural landmarks: C3

A

Hyoid Bones

120
Q

Structural landmarks: C4

A

Cephalic thyroid cartilage

121
Q

Structural landmarks: C6

A

Cricoid cartilage

122
Q

Structural landmarks: T3

A

Spine of the scapula

123
Q

Structural landmarks: T4

A

Sternal angle of Louis

Part 1 Boards (12 decks)

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