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Part 1 Boards > Part 1: Biochemistry (Vitamins & Minerals) > Flashcards

Part 1: Biochemistry (Vitamins & Minerals) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

B1-9 (skipping 4 & 8)
B12
Vitamin C

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2
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Thiamine (B1)?

A

Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)

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3
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Ribo flavin (B2)?

A

Flavin-Adenine-dinucleotide (FAD)

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4
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Niacin (B3)?

A

NAP+ & NADP+

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5
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin B5?

A

Pantothenate

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6
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Pyridoxine (B6)?

A

Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate

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7
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Biotin (B7)?

A

Biocytin

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8
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Folate (B9)?

A

Tetrahydrofolate / Methyltetrahydrofolate

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9
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Cobalamin (B12)?

A

Methylcobalamin

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10
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Thiamine (B1)

A

Decarboxylation

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11
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Riboflavin (B2)

A

Oxidation/Reduction
Dehydrogenase enzyme

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12
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Niacin (B3)

A

Oxidation/Reduction
Dehydrogenase enzyme

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13
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? B5

A

Structural component of Coenzyme A

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14
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Pyridoxine (B6)

A

1) Transanimations (Ketoacid <-> amino acid)
2) Amino acid metabolism

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15
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Biotin (B7)

A

Carboxylation

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16
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Folic Acid (B9)

A

One Carbon transfers (Methyl transfer)
DNA / RNA Synthesis

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17
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Cobalamin (B12)

A

Homocysteine remethylation

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18
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

A

Hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen

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19
Q

What vitamin enhances iron absorption?

A

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

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20
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Thiamine (B1)

A

Beri Beri / Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome

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21
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Riboflavin (B2)

A

Cheilosis (Anguar stomatitis)
Magenta tongue

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22
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Niacin (B3)

A

Pellagra (4 D’s)
- Dementia
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis
- Death

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23
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> B5

A

Burning foot syndrome (paresthesias)

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24
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Pyridoxine (B6)

A

Carpal tunnel

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25
Q

What substance can lead to biotin (B7) deficiency?

A

Avidin in egg whites depletes biotin

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26
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Folic Acid (B9)

A
  • Megaloblastic anemia
  • Glossitis
  • Neural tube defects (Spina bifida)
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27
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Cobalamin (B12)

A
  • Pernicious anemia
  • Posterolateral sclerosis (combined systems disease)
  • vegetarians
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28
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

A

Scurvy (bleeding gums) & (fragile blood vessels)

29
Q

What is the active form of the following vitamin: Vitamin A

A

Retinal
Retinol Acid = most active form

30
Q

What is the active form of the following vitamin: Vitamin D

A

1,25 dihydroxy-cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)

31
Q

What is the active form of the following vitamin: Vitamin E

A

Alpha-tocopherol

32
Q

What is the best source to get Vitamin K?

A

Green leafy vegetables

33
Q

What are the Fat Soluble vitamins?

34
Q

Function of Vitamin A

A

Vision, growth

35
Q

Function of Vitamin D

A

Calcium & phosphate metabolism

36
Q

Function of Vitamin E?

A

Lipid antioxidant

37
Q

Function of Vitamin K

A

Blood clotting, precursor to coenzyme Q

38
Q

Vitamin A deficiency can lead to (3)

A

1) Night blindness “Nyctolopia”
2) Keratomalacia (Cornea degeneration)
3) Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)

39
Q

Vitamin D deficiency can lead to…

A

Young: Rickets
Adults: Osteomalacia

40
Q

Excess Vitamin E can result in…

41
Q

Vitamin K deficiency can lead to

A

Increased clotting time

42
Q

What is the “vitamin for the immune system”?

43
Q

What is the best source for Vitamin E?

A

Wheat germ oil

44
Q

What vitamin converts prothrombin to thrombin?

45
Q

Vitamin K is made by…

46
Q

Function of the mineral Chromium

A

Glucose tolerance factor

47
Q

Function of the mineral Cobalt

A

Constituent of Vitamin B12

48
Q

Function of the mineral Magnesium

A
  • binds to ATP
  • muscle contraction & relaxation
  • protein production
  • many enzymes
49
Q

Iodine is related to what hormones?

50
Q

Function of the mineral Iron

A

Heme enzymes of hemoglobin & cytochromes

51
Q

Function of the mineral Selenium

A

Cofactors for glutathione peroxidase

52
Q

Function of the mineral Zinc

A

Cofactors for carbonic anhydrase

53
Q

Function of the mineral Flouride

A

Increases hardness of teeth

54
Q

What is the transported form of Iron called?

A

Transferrin

55
Q

What is the stored form of Iron called?

56
Q

Chromium deficiency leads to

A

Impaired glucose tolerance

57
Q

Cobalt deficiency leads to

A

Pernicious anemia (B12)

58
Q

Magnesium deficiency can lead to (3)

A

1) Hyperexcitability
2) Muscle weakness
3) Sleepiness

59
Q

Iodine deficiency can lead to…

A

Children: cretinism
Adults: goiter, myxedema

60
Q

Iron deficiency can lead to…

A

Hypochromic microcytic anemia

61
Q

Zinc deficiency can lead to…

A

Impaired wound healing

62
Q

Flouride deficiency can lead to

A

Dental caries

63
Q

X chess Flouride can lead to…

A

Hyperfluorosis

64
Q

The methylation cycle requires what vitamins?

65
Q

B12 gives the _______ group to homocysteine

66
Q

What type of anemia is caused by decreased intrinsic factor?

A

Pernicious anemia

67
Q

Vegetarians typically get what type of anemia?

A

Megaloblastic

68
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme in the kidney during vitamin D synthesis?

A

1-alpha-hydroxylase

Part 1 Boards (12 decks)

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