Parenterals Flashcards
Includes various small volume and large volume injectable preparations and irrigation fluids
Sterile dosage forms
An essential requirement since infection easily arises
Sterility
Sterile, pyrogen-free preparations intended to be administered parenterally
Injections
Fever producing organic substances arising from microbial contamination
Pyrogens
Refers to the injectable routes of administration
Parenteral
Greek word which means outside
Para
Greek word which means intestine
Enteron
Year when intravenous injection of drugs were first used in the experiments of Sir Christopher Wren
1656
An architect of St. Paul’s cathedral and amateur physiologist
Sir Christopher Wren
Year when intravenous medication was first given to humans by Johann Daniel Major of Kiel
1662
In 1662, intravenous medication was first given to humans by __________
Johann Daniel Major of Kiel
Blood clot within the blood vessel or heart
Thrombus
Clot that circulates and carried by the blood the blood stream
Embolus
Obstruction of the blood vessel that results in a block or occlusion
Embolism
Flow rates for intravenous fluids range from _____ to _____ mL/hour
42-150 mL/hour
Automated intravenous delivery system for intermittent self-administration of analgesic
Patient controlled analgesia (PCA)
Oleaginous suspension can only be administered through the __________ route
Intramuscular
Volume of medication administered in the gluteal real
5 mL
Volume of medication administered in the deltoid of the arm
2 mL
Is useful for intramuscular injections of medication that strain upper tissue by sealing the medications in the lower muscle
Z-track technique
Route for injection of small amounts of medication; usual route for insulin injection
Subcutaneous route
Syringes to be used for subcutaneous route are up to 3 mL capacities and has _____ to _____ gauge needles
24-26 gauge
The more vascular layer of the skin just beneath the epidermis
Corium
Site of injection for intradermal route
Anterior forearm
5 general types of injectable materials
Injection, For injection, Injectable emulsion, Injectable suspension, For injectable suspension
Liquid preparations that are drug substances or solutions
Injection
Dry solids that upon addition of suitable vehicles yield solutions confirming in all respects to the requirements for injections
For injection
Liquid preparation of drug substance dissolved or dispersed in a suitable emulsion medium
Injectable emulsion
Liquid preparation of solid suspended in a suitable liquid medium
Injectable suspension
Dry solid that upon addition of suitable vehicle yields preparation conforming in all respects to the requirements for injectable suspensions
For injectable suspension
Most frequently used solvent in the large scale manufacturing of injections
Water for injection, USP
Not more than 1mg/100mL water for injection
Purified water, USP
Used as solvent or diluent for already sterilized and packaged injectable medication
Sterile water for injection, USP
Sterile water for injection containing one or more suitable antimicrobial agents/bacteriostatic agents
Bacteriostatic water for injection, USP
This statement was the result of problems encountered with neonates and toxicity of the bacteriostat, benzyl alcohol
Not for use in neonates
Benzyl alcohol poisoning is recognized as __________
Gasping syndrome
Sterile solution of NaCl in water for injection
Sodium chloride injection, USP
Sterile isotonic solution of NaCl in water for injection
Bacteriostatic sodium chloride injection
Sterile solutions of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 in water for injection
Ringer’s injection, USP