FINAL 01 - Liquid Dosage Forms Flashcards
1
Q
In physicochemical terms, __________ may be prepared from any combination of solid, liquid, or gas
A
Solutions
2
Q
In pharmaceutical terms, these are liquid preparations which contains one or more substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents
A
Solutions
3
Q
Refers to the maximum concentration at which a solution can be formed with that agent/solute and that solvent
A
Solubility
4
Q
Solubility is expressed as __________
A
g/mL
5
Q
Most useful solvent next to water; forms a hydroalcoholic mixture with water (Solvents for liquid preparations)
A
Alcohol, USP
6
Q
Contains not less than 99.5% ethyl alcohol by volume; used when an essentially water-free alcohol is desired (Solvents for liquid preparations)
A
Dehydrated alcohol, USP
7
Q
A hydroalcoholic solvent in pharmaceutical processes and preparations; prepared by mixing equal volumes of alcohol, USP and purified water, USP (Solvents for liquid preparations)
A
Diluted alcohol, NF
8
Q
Solvent used as a rubefacient, soothing rub, germicide, skin cleaner, and vehicle (Solvents for liquid preparations)
A
Rubbing alcohol
9
Q
Is added to prevent accidental or abusive oral ingestion
A
Denatorium benzoate
10
Q
Is a clear syrupy liquid with a sweet taste; used as a preservative, stabilizer and auxiliary solvent, and for internal preparations (Solvents for liquid preparations)
A
Glycerin, USP
11
Q
Used as a rubefacient, soothing rub, vehicle, and preparing needles and syringes (Solvents for liquid preparations)
A
Isopropyl rubbing alcohol
12
Q
Miscible with water and alcohol; a useful solvent used as a substitute for glycerin (Solvents for liquid preparations)
A
Propylene glycol, USP
13
Q
Is obtained by distillation, ion exchange treatment, reverse osmosis, or other suitable process (Solvents for liquid preparations)
A
Purified water, USP
14
Q
2 basic types of water preparation (WP)
A
Water for injection, Purified water
15
Q
3 methods of preparation of pharmaceutical water (DRI)
A
Distillation, Reverse osmosis, Ion-exchange
16
Q
Is nature’s water purification process; consists of the vaporization and condensation of water (Methods of preparation of pharmaceutical water)
A
Distillation
17
Q
Uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from drinking water (Methods of preparation of pharmaceutical water)
A
Reverse osmosis
18
Q
Involves the passage of water through a column of cation and anion exchanges consisting of resins producing demineralized or deionized water (Methods of preparation of pharmaceutical water)
A
Ion-exchange
19
Q
2 kinds of solutions (AN)
A
Aqueous, Non-aqueous
20
Q
Water-based; uses water as main solvent (Kinds of solutions)
A
Aqueous solution
21
Q
Does not use water but a different solvent (Kinds of solutions)
A
Non-aqueous solution
22
Q
Uses alcohol as main solvent (Types of non-aqueous solution)
A
Hydroalcoholic
23
Q
Uses oil as main solvent (Types of non-aqueous solution)
A
Oleaginous
24
Q
Uses ether as main solvent (Types of non-aqueous solution)
A
Ethereal
25
Also known as "medicated waters"; a clear, saturated aqueous solution of volatile oils or other aromatic substances (Types of aqueous solutions)
Aromatic waters
26
2 methods of preparation for aromatic waters (DS)
Distillation/Cohobation method, Solution method
27
Method used for strong rose water (Methods of preparation for aromatic waters)
Distillation/Cohobation method
28
Includes direct solution method and alternate solution method with dispersing agent (Methods of preparation for aromatic waters)
Solution method
29
Are concentrated aqueous solutions of sugars or sugar substitute with or without flavoring agents and medicinal substances (Types of aqueous solutions)
Syrups
30
Masks salty taste of iodine, bromine, and chlorine (Examples of syrups)
Glycyrrhiza syrup
31
Masks the salty taste of saline medicaments (Examples of syrups)
Raspberry syrup
32
A syrup with 85% w/v; is a self-preserving solution with a specific gravity of 1.313 (Examples of syrups)
Simple syrup
33
The sugar most frequently employed in syrups
Sucrose
34
Is a syrup prepared by dissolving 85 g of sucrose in purified water to make 100 mL of syrup
Syrup, NF (Simple syrup)
35
Enhances the appeal of the syrup; correlates with the flavorant employed
Colorant
36
Is a rapid method; overheating may cause caramelization (Methods of syrup preparation)
Solution with aid of heat
37
Is a slower method; suited for components that are heat-labile (Methods of syrup preparation)
Solution by agitation w/o aid of heat
38
Uses percolator; an official method in USP for the preparation of syrup (Methods of syrup preparation)
Percolation
39
It increases the stability of syrups and minimizes microbial contamination (Methods of syrup preparation)
Reconstitution
40
Intended for body orifices as cleansing agents or antiseptics (Types of aqueous solutions)
Douches
41
Used to remove foreign particles and discharges from the eyes (Kinds of douches)
Eye douche
42
Used to prepare the interior of the throat for an operation and to cleanse it in suppurative conditions (Kinds of douches)
Pharyngeal douche
43
Used to cleanse nasal passage (Kinds of douches)
Nasal douche
44
Used for irrigative cleansing of the vagina for hygienic effects (Kinds of douches)
Vaginal/Urethral douche
45
Is the practice of washing or flushing the vagina with water or other fluids
Vaginal douching
46
A fluid injected into the lower bowel by way of the rectum; used to relieve constipation or for bowel cleansing (Types of aqueous solutions)
Enemas/Clyster
47
2 types of enemas (ER)
Evacuation, Retention
48
Rectal insertion employed to evacuate the bowel (Types of enemas)
Evacuation enema
49
Held in the rectum and sigmoid colon for a specific period of time so the colon can absorb most of the solution (Types of enemas)
Retention enema
50
3 kinds of retention enema (NMD)
Nutritive, Medicated, Diagnostic
51
A retention enema with local effects
Hydrocortisone
52
A retention enema with systemic effects
Aminophylline
53
Is a liquid which is held in the mouth passively or swilled around the mouth (Types of aqueous solutions)
Mouthwash/Mouth rinse/Oral rinse/Mouth bath
54
Used for temporary relief of pain, soreness, and irritation in the mouth (Types of dental solutions)
Benzocaine
55
Used in dentistry by sterilization of deep root canals (Types of dental solutions)
Camphorated parachlorophenol
56
Used as a chemo mechanical cleansing and deriding agent (Types of dental solutions)
Carbamide peroxide topical solution
57
Used as a freshening mouth cleanser; have benzyl alcohol as a local anesthetic (Types of dental solutions)
Cetylpyridinium chloride solution and lozenges
58
Solution applied to teeth to reveal remaining plaque; the tablet has the same effect but it is not swallowed (Types of dental solutions)
Erythrosine sodium topical solution and soluble tablets
59
Applied topically to dental cavities and dental protective (Types of dental solutions)
Eugenol
60
Used as a topical dental anesthetic (Types of dental solutions)
Lidocaine oral spray
61
Used for oral fungal infections by retaining in the mouth as long as possible before swallowing (Types of dental solutions)
Nystatin oral suspension
62
Are electrolytes in a carboxymethylcellulose base used for relief of dry mouth and throat in xerostomia (Types of dental solutions)
Saliva substitutes
63
Used for the treatment of nasopharyngeal conditions by forcing air from the lungs through a gargle that is held in the throat and subsequently expectorated (Types of aqueous solutions)
Gargle
64
Are expressed juices prepared from fresh ripe fruits, used in syrups which are employed as vehicles (Types of aqueous solutions)
Juices
65
Juices expressed from fresh plants and evaporated were formerly known as __________
Inspissated juices
66
Are pharmaceutical products that are used inside, outside, or around the ears to exert therapeutic effect (Types of aqueous solutions)
Otic/Aural preparation
67
Is a condition whereby water has become trapped between the cerumen impaction and the tympanic membrane
Swimmer's ear
68
Are liquid, semi-solid, or solid preparations intended for administration to the nasal cavities to obtain a systemic or local effect (Types of aqueous solutions)
Nasal preparation
69
Used to wash, bathe, cleanse surgical wounds, incisions, & body tissues (Types of aqueous solutions)
Irrigations
70
Is a sterile, hypotonic, non-pyrogenic irrigating fluid or pharmaceutical aid entirely composed of sterile water for injection, USP
Sterile water for irrigation, USP
71
Are thick, viscid, adhesive liquids made by dispersing gum in water, or extracting the mucilagenous principle from vegetable susbtances with water (Types of aqueous solutions)
Mucilage
72
2 methods of mucilage preparation (ED)
Extraction, Dispersion
73
A hydroalcoholic preparation of volatile oils and aromatic substances (Types of non-aqueous solutions)
Spirits/Essences
74
Are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable or chemical substances (Types of non-aqueous solutions)
Tinctures
75
Are liquid preparations of vegetable drugs, containing alcohol as solvent or as preservative, or both (Types of non-aqueous solutions)
Fluid extracts
76
Clear, pleasantly flavored, sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions intended for oral use (Types of non-aqueous solutions)
Elixirs
77
A syrupy solution of pyroxylin in a mixture of ether and alcohol; often used as protectant (Types of non-aqueous solutions)
Collodions
78
Solutions or mixture of various substances in oil, alcoholic solution of soap, or emulsions, intended for external application (Types of non-aqueous solutions)
Liniments
79
Are fish liver oils diluted with edible vegetable oil or solution of the indicated vitamins or vitamin concentrate in fish liver oil (Types of non-aqueous solutions)
Oleovitamins
80
Temporarily relieves throbbing, persistent toothache due to a cavity (Types of non-aqueous solutions)
Toothache drops
81
Spirits contain not less than __________ alcohol
60%
82
Example of spirit prepared using simple solution with maceration
Peppermint spirit
83
Example of spirit prepared using solution
Spirit of ammonia
84
Example of spirit prepared using chemical reaction
Ethyl nitrate spirit
85
Whisky and brandy are prepared by __________
Distillation
86
Compound orange spirit, camphor spirit, and compound cardamon spirit are prepared by __________
Simple solution
87
Contains 48% to 54% alcohol from grapes
Brandy/Spiritus vini vitis
88
Contains 47-53% alcohol from cereals
Whisky/Spiritus frumenti
89
Tinctures contain __________ to __________ alcohol
15-18%
90
2 methods of tincture preparation (MP)
Maceration (Process M), Percolation (Process P)
91
The drug is soaked with the menstruum in a closed container (Methods of tincture preparation)
Maceration (Process M)
92
The drug is dampened with the menstruum and allowed to stand for a short period before packing the percolator so that the drug may expand (Methods of tincture preparation)
Percolation (Process P)
93
Example of tincture performed using maceration
Orange peel tincture
94
Example of tincture performed using percolation
Belladonna tincture
95
A tincture prepared by maceration; used as a protectant to toughen skin in treatment of bed sores, ulcers, cracked nipples, and fissures of the lips and anus
Compound benzoin tincture
96
Tincture that is similar to thimerosal topical solution except that sodium chloride and sodium borate are absent from the tincture and the vehicle of the tincture is water, acetone and about 50% alcohol
Thimerosal tincture
97
Tincture prepared by dissolving 2% iodine crystals and 2.4% sodium iodide; is a popular local anti-infective agent
Iodine tincture
98
Are solutions that employ an aqueous vehicle
Topical solutions
99
Are tinctures that employ an alcoholic vehicle
Topical tinctures
100
A topical colorless solution that has a faint acetous odor and sweetish, astringent taste; used in dermatologic lotions, creams, and pastes
Aluminum acetate topical solution
101
A topical solution used as an astringent wash and wet dressing
Aluminum subacetate topical solution
102
A topical solution more soluble in cold water than in hot water; used as an astringent
Calcium hydroxide topical solution (Lime water)
103
A solution that is a black viscous liquid having a characteristic naphthalene-like odor and a sharp burning taste; is a local anti-eczematic used in treatment of chronic skin conditions
Coal tar solution
104
Is obtained as a byproduct during destructive distillation of bituminous coal
Tar
105
A topical solution categorized as a local anti-infective for use topically on the skin and mucous membrane
Hydrogen peroxide topical solution
106
A solution employed extensively as a broad spectrum antiseptic in clinical and veterinarian medicine
Chlorhexidine gluconate solution
107
A topical solution that is a chemical complex of iodine with polyvinylpyrrolidone; used as a surgical scrub and nonirritating antiseptic solution
Povidone iodine topical solution
108
A water soluble organic mercurial antibacterial agent used topically for its bacteriostatic and mild fungistatic properties
Thimerosal
109
Are concentrated preparations of a vegetable or animal drug obtained by the removal of the active constituents of the respective drugs with suitable menstrua
Extracts
110
Are drug products obtained by extracting animal vegetable drug with suitable solvent system
Extractive
111
Involves soaking in solvent (Processes involved in making extractives)
Maceration
112
Involves boiling for 15 minutes (Processes involved in making extractives)
Decoction
113
Involves soaking using a percolator (Processes involved in making extractives)
Percolation
114
Involves using hot/cold water (Processes involved in making extractives)
Infusion
115
Involves applying gentle heat (Processes involved in making extractives)
Digestion
116
An extract that is too potent, too bitter-tasting, and unpalatable to be accepted by the patient (Example preparations prepared by extraction processes)
Fluid extract
117
Concentrated preparations of vegetable or animal drugs obtained by the removal of the active constituents of the respective drugs with suitable solvent (Example preparations prepared by extraction processes)
Extracts
118
Process that entails exhaustive percolation with an alcoholic or hydroalcoholic menstruum (Extraction processes)
Process A
119
2 processes used in the preparation of fluid extract with boiling water as the menstruum (Example preparations prepared by extraction processes)
Process B and D
120
Process that is intended to facilitate total drug extraction by collecting 1000 mL of percolate from each 1000 g of drug
Process C and E
121
A licorice root fluid extract; used as a flavoring agent (Official preparations of extracts)
Glycyrrhiza fluid extract
122
A Yerba santa fluid extract; used as a cathartic (Official preparations of extracts)
Eriodictyon fluid extract
123
A Rhamnus purshiana fluid extract (Official preparations of extracts)
Cascara sagrada fluid extract; Aromatic Cascara sagrada fluid extract
124
Also known as fluid extratum sennae (Official preparations of extracts)
Senna fluid extract
125
20 mL of the solvent system is remained, removing all or most of the menstruum (Forms of extracts)
Syrupy/Semiliquid
126
Plastic consistency; nearly all solvent (menstruum) has evaporated (Forms of extracts)
Pilular/Plastic consistency
127
Dry extract by removal of all menstruum (Forms of extracts)
Powdered extract
128
Elixirs contain __________ to __________ alcohol
5-40%
129
2 types of elixirs (MN)
Medicated, Non-medicated
130
Includes antihistaminic elixirs, sedative and hypnotic elixirs, and expectorants (Types of elixirs)
Medicated elixirs
131
Used as solvents or vehicles for the preparation of medicated elixirs (Types of elixirs)
Non-medicated elixirs
132
Elixir used in the symptomatic relief of certain allergic disorders (Examples of elixirs)
Antihistamine elixirs
133
Elixirs that are sedative and hypnotic agents used to produce various degrees of a central system depression (Examples of elixirs)
Barbiturate
134
Elixirs formulated to contain 0.4% of phenobarbital (Examples of elixirs)
Phenobarbital elixir
135
Long acting barbiturate duration is __________ to __________ hours
4-6 hours
136
Elixir that contains 4.5-5.25 mg of digoxin per 100 mL of elixir; obtained from the leaves of Digitalis lanata (Examples of elixirs)
Digoxin elixir
137
Obtained from the action of H2SO4 and HNO3 on cotton; also known as nitrocellulose, cellulose nitrate, flash paper, and gun cotton
Pyroxylin
138
2 types of collodions (FN)
Flexible, Non-flexible
139
Used as a surgical dressing or to hold dressings in place (Types of collodions)
Flexible collodion
140
Used in theatrical make-up (Types of collodions)
Non-flexible collodion
141
Liniments are applied with rubbing to the affected areas and that is why they were once called __________
Embrocations
142
2 types of liniments (OA)
Oleaginous, Alcoholic
143
Applied to the skin with friction and rubbing; the oil and soap base provides for ease of application and massage (Types of liniments)
Oleaginous liniments
144
Intended generally for their rubefacient, counterirritant, mildly astringent, and penetrating effects (Types of liniments)
Alcoholic liniments
145
A variety of medicinal substances that are employed topically in the oral cavity
Dental oral solution
146
Are liquid preparations for oral administration containing one or more substances with or without flavoring, sweetening or coloring agents dissolved in water or co-solvent water mixtures
Oral solutions
147
Are solutions used for the treatment of patients with mild volume depletion of about 5-10% of their body weight (Examples of oral solutions)
Oral rehydration solutions (ORS)
148
Are solutions that serve as an alternative method to prepare the GIT and requires less time and dietary restriction and obviates cleansing enemas (Examples of oral solutions)
Oral colonic lavage solution
149
An oral laxative and cleansing enema administered around 2-4 hours prior to procedure (Examples of oral solutions)
Magnesium citrate oral solution (Citrate of magnesia)
150
Contains 100 mg of sodium citrate and 67 mg of citric acid in each milliliter of aqueous solution (Examples of oral solutions)
Sodium citrate & citric acid oral solution
151
Aromatic waters (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Aqueous
152
Syrups (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Aqueous
153
Douche (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Aqueous
154
Enemas (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Aqueous
155
Mouthwash (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Aqueous
156
Gargles (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Aqueous
157
Juices (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Aqueous
158
Otic/aural preparations (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Aqueous
159
Nasal preparations (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Aqueous
160
Irrigations (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Aqueous
161
Mucilage (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Aqueous
162
Spirits (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Nonaqueous
163
Tinctures (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Nonaqueous
164
Fluid extract (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Nonaqueous
165
Elixirs (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Nonaqueous
166
Collodions (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Nonaqueous
167
Liniments (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Nonaqueous
168
Oleovitamins (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Nonaqueous
169
Toothache drops (Aqueous or nonaqueous)
Nonaqueous
