MIDTERM 03 - Semi-Solid Dosage Forms

Question 1

Layer of the epidermis that is composed of approximately 40% protein and 40% water

Answer 1

Stratum corneum

Question 2

Drug molecules can penetrate in the stratum corneum by __________

Answer 2

Passive diffusion

Question 3

Is a semi-solid preparation intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes

Answer 3

Ointment

Question 4

2 kinds of ointment (MU)

Answer 4

Medicated, Unmedicated

Question 5

Are ointments intended for physical effects as protecetants, emollient, and lubricants

Answer 5

Unmedicated ointment

Question 6

Base used in preparing medicated ointment

Answer 6

Ointment base

Question 7

Imparts emollient effect and as an occlusive dressing (Types of ointment base)

Answer 7

Hydrocarbon/Oleaginous base

Question 8

Purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocarbon obtained from petrolatum (Types of hydrocarbon/oleaginous base)

Answer 8

Petrolatum, USP

Question 9

Wholly or nearly decolorized purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocarbon from petrolatum (Types of hydrocarbon/oleaginous base)

Answer 9

White petrolatum, USP

Question 10

Purified wax from the honeycomb of the bee Apis mellifera; also called as simple ointment (Types of hydrocarbon/oleaginous base)

Answer 10

Yellow ointment, USP

Question 11

They are not easily removed from the skin with water washing (Types of ointment base)

Answer 11

Absorption base

Question 12

Prepared by stearyl alcohol and white wax melted on steam bath + cholesterol, adding white petrolatum, and allowing the mixture to cool until congealed (Types of absorption base)

Answer 12

Hydrophilic petrolatum

Question 13

Obtained from the wool of sheep (Ovis aries); a purified wax like substance that has been cleaned, deodorized, and decolorized (Types of absorption base)

Answer 13

Lanolin, USP

Question 14

A lanolin that has been processed to reduce the contents of free lanolin alcohols and any detergent and pesticide residues

Answer 14

Modified lanolin, USP

Question 15

Are O/W emulsions resembling creams; they are easily washed from the skin (Types of ointment bases)

Answer 15

Water-removable/Water-washable bases

Question 16

Stearyl alcohol and white petrolatum are melted together at about 75°C and serve as the base (Types of water-removable bases)

Answer 16

Hydrophilic ointment, USP

Question 17

Do not contain oleaginous components; are completely water washable and referred to as greaseless (Types of ointment bases)

Answer 17

Water-soluble base

Question 18

Is a polymer of ethylene oxide and water (Types of water-soluble base)

Answer 18

Polyethylene glycol ointment, NF

Question 19

2 general methods of ointment preparation (IF)

Answer 19

Incorporation, Fusion

Question 20

Components are mixed until a uniform preparation is attained (Methods of ointment preparation)

Answer 20

Incorporation

Question 21

The ointment is prepared by rubbing and working the components together on the hard surface until the product is smooth and uniform (Methods of incorporation)

Answer 21

Spatulation

Question 22

A small portion of the powder is mixed with a portion of the base until uniform (Methods of incorporation)

Answer 22

Geometric dilution

Question 23

Mixing the solid material in a vehicle in which it is insoluble to make a smooth dispersion (Methods of incorporation)

Answer 23

Levigation

Question 24

Solids soluble in common solvent that will affect neither the stability of the drug nor the efficacy of the product may be dissolved first in that solvent (Methods of incorporation)

Answer 24

Dissolution in solvent

Question 25

Used for incorporating a gummy material (Methods of incorporation)

Answer 25

Pulverization by intervention

Question 26

All or some of the components of an ointment are combined by being melted together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed (Methods of ointment preparation)

Answer 26

Fusion

Question 27

Are semisolid preparations containing one or more medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either a W/O or O/W emulsion

Answer 27

Creams

Question 28

2 types of creams

Answer 28

Oil-in-water (O/W), Water-in-oil (W/O)

Question 29

Tends to vanish on skin (Types of creams)

Answer 29

Oil-in-water (O/W)

Question 30

Imparts an oily feeling on the skin (Types of creams)

Answer 30

Water-in-oil (W/O)

Question 31

A semisolid system consisting of dispersion of small or large molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle rendered jellylike by the addition of a gelling agent

Answer 31

Gels/Jellies

Question 32

2 types of gels (ST)

Answer 32

Single-phase, Two-phase

Question 33

Gels in which the macromolecules are uniformly distributed throughout a liquid (Types of gels)

Answer 33

Single-phase

Question 34

Gels consisting of floccules of small distinct particles

Answer 34

Two-phase/Magma

Question 35

An example of two-phase gel/magma consisting of a gelatinous precipitate of magnesium hydroxide

Answer 35

Milk of magnesia/Magnesia magma

Question 36

Are semisolid preparations intended for application to the skin

Answer 36

Pastes

Question 37

Are solid or semisolid adhesive masses spread on a backing of paper, fabric, moleskin, or plastic

Answer 37

Plasters

Question 38

Is a plaster used on the toes for the removal of corns

Answer 38

Salicylic acid plaster

Question 39

Are plastic masses containing gelatin, glycerin, water, and an added medicinal substance

Answer 39

Glycerogelatins

Question 40

An example of glycerogelatin used in the treatment of varicose ulcers

Answer 40

Zinc gelatin

Question 41

A fluid emulsion applied to the surface of the skin

Answer 41

Lotions

Question 42

A lotion which consists of finely powdered insoluble solids held in more or less permanent suspension by the presence of suspending agents or surface active agents

Answer 42

Calamine lotion

Question 43

The major route by which drugs enter the eye is through simple diffusion via the __________

Answer 43

Cornea

Question 44

For drugs that are poorly absorbed by the cornea, the __________ provides an alternative route

Answer 44

Conjunctive sclera

Question 45

Are drugs introduced into the nasal passage and are primarily for local effects on the mucous membranes and underlying tissues

Answer 45

Nasal ointments

Question 46

They should be certain that upon dispensing, the patient understands the proper method of administration

Answer 46

Pharmacists