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PH 107 - Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Systems, and Medical Devices (Lec.) > MIDTERM 03 - Semi-Solid Dosage Forms > Flashcards

MIDTERM 03 - Semi-Solid Dosage Forms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Layer of the epidermis that is composed of approximately 40% protein and 40% water

A

Stratum corneum

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2
Q

Drug molecules can penetrate in the stratum corneum by __________

A

Passive diffusion

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3
Q

Is a semi-solid preparation intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes

A

Ointment

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4
Q

2 kinds of ointment (MU)

A

Medicated, Unmedicated

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5
Q

Are ointments intended for physical effects as protecetants, emollient, and lubricants

A

Unmedicated ointment

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6
Q

Base used in preparing medicated ointment

A

Ointment base

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7
Q

Imparts emollient effect and as an occlusive dressing (Types of ointment base)

A

Hydrocarbon/Oleaginous base

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8
Q

Purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocarbon obtained from petrolatum (Types of hydrocarbon/oleaginous base)

A

Petrolatum, USP

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9
Q

Wholly or nearly decolorized purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocarbon from petrolatum (Types of hydrocarbon/oleaginous base)

A

White petrolatum, USP

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10
Q

Purified wax from the honeycomb of the bee Apis mellifera; also called as simple ointment (Types of hydrocarbon/oleaginous base)

A

Yellow ointment, USP

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11
Q

They are not easily removed from the skin with water washing (Types of ointment base)

A

Absorption base

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12
Q

Prepared by stearyl alcohol and white wax melted on steam bath + cholesterol, adding white petrolatum, and allowing the mixture to cool until congealed (Types of absorption base)

A

Hydrophilic petrolatum

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13
Q

Obtained from the wool of sheep (Ovis aries); a purified wax like substance that has been cleaned, deodorized, and decolorized (Types of absorption base)

A

Lanolin, USP

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14
Q

A lanolin that has been processed to reduce the contents of free lanolin alcohols and any detergent and pesticide residues

A

Modified lanolin, USP

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15
Q

Are O/W emulsions resembling creams; they are easily washed from the skin (Types of ointment bases)

A

Water-removable/Water-washable bases

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16
Q

Stearyl alcohol and white petrolatum are melted together at about 75°C and serve as the base (Types of water-removable bases)

A

Hydrophilic ointment, USP

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17
Q

Do not contain oleaginous components; are completely water washable and referred to as greaseless (Types of ointment bases)

A

Water-soluble base

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18
Q

Is a polymer of ethylene oxide and water (Types of water-soluble base)

A

Polyethylene glycol ointment, NF

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19
Q

2 general methods of ointment preparation (IF)

A

Incorporation, Fusion

20
Q

Components are mixed until a uniform preparation is attained (Methods of ointment preparation)

A

Incorporation

21
Q

The ointment is prepared by rubbing and working the components together on the hard surface until the product is smooth and uniform (Methods of incorporation)

A

Spatulation

22
Q

A small portion of the powder is mixed with a portion of the base until uniform (Methods of incorporation)

A

Geometric dilution

23
Q

Mixing the solid material in a vehicle in which it is insoluble to make a smooth dispersion (Methods of incorporation)

A

Levigation

24
Q

Solids soluble in common solvent that will affect neither the stability of the drug nor the efficacy of the product may be dissolved first in that solvent (Methods of incorporation)

A

Dissolution in solvent

25
Q

Used for incorporating a gummy material (Methods of incorporation)

A

Pulverization by intervention

26
Q

All or some of the components of an ointment are combined by being melted together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed (Methods of ointment preparation)

A

Fusion

27
Q

Are semisolid preparations containing one or more medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either a W/O or O/W emulsion

A

Creams

28
Q

2 types of creams

A

Oil-in-water (O/W), Water-in-oil (W/O)

29
Q

Tends to vanish on skin (Types of creams)

A

Oil-in-water (O/W)

30
Q

Imparts an oily feeling on the skin (Types of creams)

A

Water-in-oil (W/O)

31
Q

A semisolid system consisting of dispersion of small or large molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle rendered jellylike by the addition of a gelling agent

A

Gels/Jellies

32
Q

2 types of gels (ST)

A

Single-phase, Two-phase

33
Q

Gels in which the macromolecules are uniformly distributed throughout a liquid (Types of gels)

A

Single-phase

34
Q

Gels consisting of floccules of small distinct particles

A

Two-phase/Magma

35
Q

An example of two-phase gel/magma consisting of a gelatinous precipitate of magnesium hydroxide

A

Milk of magnesia/Magnesia magma

36
Q

Are semisolid preparations intended for application to the skin

A

Pastes

37
Q

Are solid or semisolid adhesive masses spread on a backing of paper, fabric, moleskin, or plastic

A

Plasters

38
Q

Is a plaster used on the toes for the removal of corns

A

Salicylic acid plaster

39
Q

Are plastic masses containing gelatin, glycerin, water, and an added medicinal substance

A

Glycerogelatins

40
Q

An example of glycerogelatin used in the treatment of varicose ulcers

A

Zinc gelatin

41
Q

A fluid emulsion applied to the surface of the skin

A

Lotions

42
Q

A lotion which consists of finely powdered insoluble solids held in more or less permanent suspension by the presence of suspending agents or surface active agents

A

Calamine lotion

43
Q

The major route by which drugs enter the eye is through simple diffusion via the __________

A

Cornea

44
Q

For drugs that are poorly absorbed by the cornea, the __________ provides an alternative route

A

Conjunctive sclera

45
Q

Are drugs introduced into the nasal passage and are primarily for local effects on the mucous membranes and underlying tissues

A

Nasal ointments

46
Q

They should be certain that upon dispensing, the patient understands the proper method of administration

A

Pharmacists

PH 107 - Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Systems, and Medical Devices (Lec.) (15 decks)

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