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PH 107 - Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Systems, and Medical Devices (Lec.) > FINAL 04 - Biologicals > Flashcards

FINAL 04 - Biologicals Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Is a substance produced by a living source

A

Biologic

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2
Q

Is any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin or analogous product employed for prevention, treatment, or cure of diseases in humans

A

Biologic product

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3
Q

Meaning of FDA

A

Food and Drug Administration

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4
Q

Meaning of ACIP

A

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

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5
Q

Meaning of CFR

A

Code of Federal Regulations

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6
Q

2 main types of immunity (NA)

A

Natural, Acquired

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7
Q

Natural, innate, or native immunity depends on __________, __________, and __________ (SRI)

A

Species immunity, Racial immunity, Individual immunity

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8
Q

Regulates cell mediated immunity and are responsible for controlling certain bacterial and viral infections (Types of lymphocytes)

A

T lymphocytes

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9
Q

Differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies specific to the invading antigens (Types of lymphocytes)

A

B lymphocytes

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10
Q

Refers to immunity/resistance developed in response to stimulus by an antigen (Types of immunity)

A

Active immunity

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11
Q

Refers to immunity conferred by an antibody produced in another host (Types of immunity)

A

Passive immunity

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12
Q

3 types of immunizing agents (VIA)

A

Vaccines, Immunoglobulins, Antisera

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13
Q

5 classes of immunoglobulins (MADGE)

A

IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE

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14
Q

Found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid; is the first antibody to be made by the body to fight a new infection (Classes of immunoglobulins)

A

IgM

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15
Q

Found in high concentrations in the mucous membranes as well as in saliva and tears (Classes of immunoglobulins)

A

IgA

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16
Q

Exists in small amounts in the blood; is the least understood antibody (Classes of immunoglobulins)

A

IgD

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17
Q

Is the most abundant type of immunoglobulin; is found in all body fluids and protects against bacterial and viral infections (Classes of immunoglobulins)

A

IgG

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18
Q

Associated mainly with allergic reactions; is found in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes (Classes of immunoglobulins)

A

IgE

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19
Q

Refers to blood serum containing polyclonal antibodies and is used to pass on passive immunity to many diseases

A

Antiserum (plural: antisera)

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20
Q

Is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin

A

Antitoxin

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21
Q

Is the protective antibody against Clostridium tetani, the bacterium that causes tetanus

A

Tetanus antitoxin

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22
Q

2 types of immunoglobulin preparations (NH, SH)

A

Normal human immunoglobulin, Specific human immunoglobulin

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23
Q

Hepatitis A (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

A

Human normal immunoglobulin

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24
Q

Measles (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

A

Human normal immunoglobulin

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25
Q

Rabies (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

A

Human normal immunoglobulin/Antisera

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26
Q

Tetanus (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

A

Human normal immunoglobulin/Antisera

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27
Q

Mumps (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

A

Human normal immunoglobulin

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28
Q

Hepatitis B (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

A

Human specific immunoglobulin

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29
Q

Varicella (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

A

Human specific immunoglobulin

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30
Q

Diphtheria (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

A

Human specific immunoglobulin/Antisera

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31
Q

Gas gangrene (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

A

Antisera

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32
Q

Botulism (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

A

Antisera

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33
Q

Is a method of giving antigen to stimulate the immune response through active immunization

A

Vaccination

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34
Q

Is an immuno-biological substance designed to produce specific protection against a given disease

A

Vaccine

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35
Q

Made from live infectious agents without any amendment (Types of vaccines)

A

Live vaccines

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36
Q

The only example of live vaccine; made of live vaccinia cowpox virus which is not pathogenic but antigenic

A

Variola smallpox vaccine

37
Q

Virulent pathogenic organisms have lost their capacity to induce full-blown disease but retain their immunogenicity (Types of vaccines)

A

Live attenuated (avirulent) vaccines

38
Q

Made by killing the disease-causing microbe with chemicals, heat, or radiation (Types of vaccines)

A

Inactivated (killed) vaccines

39
Q

Used when a bacterial toxin is the main cause of illness (Types of vaccines)

A

Toxoid vaccine

40
Q

Prepared from extracted cellular fractions (Types of vaccines)

A

Polysaccharide and polypeptide vaccines

41
Q

Produced through recombinant DNA technology (Types of vaccines)

A

Recombinant vaccines

42
Q

Route of most vaccines (Route of administration)

A

Deep subcutaneous/Intramuscular route

43
Q

Oral BCG vaccine (Route of administration)

A

Oral route

44
Q

BCG vaccine (Route of administration)

A

Intradermal route

45
Q

Smallpox vaccine (Route of administration)

A

Scarification

46
Q

Live attenuated influenza vaccine (Route of administration)

A

Intranasal route

47
Q

2 types of immunization schemes (PB)

A

Primary vaccination, Booster vaccination

48
Q

Immunization scheme which involves one dose and multiple dose vaccines (Types of immunization schemes)

A

Primary vaccination

49
Q

Employed to maintain immunity level after it declines after some time has elapsed (Types of immunization schemes)

A

Booster vaccination

50
Q

Cholera vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

A

Short period (months)

51
Q

TAB vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

A

2 years

52
Q

DPT vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

A

3-5 years

53
Q

BCG vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

A

5 or more years

54
Q

Yellow fever vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

A

10 years

55
Q

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine (MMR) (Vaccine maintenance)

A

Solid immunity

56
Q

Is a system of storage and transport of vaccines at low temperature

A

Cold chain

57
Q

Vaccine most sensitive to heat, requiring storage at -20°C

A

Polio vaccine

58
Q

2 vaccines which must be stored in the freezer compartment (PM)

A

Polio vaccine, Measles vaccine

59
Q

__________ is a rare but dangerous complication of injection of antiserum

A

Anaphylactic shock

60
Q

__________ is characterized by symptoms such as fever, rash, edema, and joint pains occurring 7-12 days of injection of antiserum

A

Serum sickness

61
Q

An example of neuritic manifestation in association with the swine influenza vaccine

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

62
Q

Highest priority agents; organisms pose a risk to national security because they can be easily dissemination or transmitted from person-person (Categories of bioterrorism agents)

A

Category A

63
Q

Causative agent of anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

64
Q

Causative agent of smallpox

A

Variola virus

65
Q

Causative agent of plague

A

Yersinia pestis

66
Q

Causative agent of botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum toxin

67
Q

Causative agent of tularemia

A

Franciscella tularensis

68
Q

2 causes of viral hemorrhagic fever (AB)

A

Arenaviruses, Bunyaviruses

69
Q

Second priority agents; organisms that are moderately easy to disseminate that result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rate (Categories of bioterrorism agents)

A

Category B

70
Q

Is a personalized vaccine made from an individual’s own cells (either cancer cells or immune system cells) (Types of cancer vaccines)

A

Autologous tumor vaccines

71
Q

Are made from non-self cancer cells grown in the lab (Types of cancer vaccines)

A

Allogenic cancer vaccines

72
Q

3 types of cancer vaccines (AAA)

A

Autologous, Allogenic, Anti-idiotypic

73
Q

2 classes of microbes targeted for vaccine production (BV)

A

Bacteria, Viruses

74
Q

Are vaccines that are comparatively easy to prepare, extract, and formulate in comparison to viral vaccines

A

Bacterial vaccines

75
Q

3 steps in viral vaccine production (GRP)

A

Generation of antigen, Release of antigen from its substrate, Purification of antigen

76
Q

A vaccine that is a sterile suspension prepared from influenza viruses propagated in chicken embryos; is the primary method for preventing influenza and its more severe complications

A

Influenza vaccine

77
Q

In __________, a recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine was licensed in the US

A

July 1986

78
Q

4 formulations where the Hepatitis B is supplied in (PAAD)

A

Pediatric, Adolescent, Adult, Dialysis

79
Q

The measles virus isolated in 1954 is characterized as __________

A

Morbilivirus paramyxoviridae

80
Q

Also known as genetic vaccination; it is a vaccine where protein antigen is delivered as DNA sequence which is taken up by the host and expressed in vivo

A

Plasmid DNA vaccine

81
Q

Causative agent of Brucellosis

A

Brucella sp.

82
Q

Causative agent of cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae

83
Q

Causative agent of cryptosporidosis

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

84
Q

2 causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fever (AB)

A

Arenavirus, Bunyavirus

85
Q

Causative agent of typhus fever

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

86
Q

Causative agent of glanders

A

Burkholderia mallei

87
Q

Causative agent of meliodosis

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

88
Q

Causative agent of Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetii

89
Q

Source of ricin toxin

A

Ricinus communis

PH 107 - Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Systems, and Medical Devices (Lec.) (15 decks)

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