FINAL 04 - Biologicals Flashcards by Juan Carlos Cornelio

Is a substance produced by a living source

Biologic

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Is any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin or analogous product employed for prevention, treatment, or cure of diseases in humans

Biologic product

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Meaning of FDA

Food and Drug Administration

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Meaning of ACIP

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

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Meaning of CFR

Code of Federal Regulations

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2 main types of immunity (NA)

Natural, Acquired

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Natural, innate, or native immunity depends on __________, __________, and __________ (SRI)

Species immunity, Racial immunity, Individual immunity

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Regulates cell mediated immunity and are responsible for controlling certain bacterial and viral infections (Types of lymphocytes)

T lymphocytes

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Differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies specific to the invading antigens (Types of lymphocytes)

B lymphocytes

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Refers to immunity/resistance developed in response to stimulus by an antigen (Types of immunity)

Active immunity

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Refers to immunity conferred by an antibody produced in another host (Types of immunity)

Passive immunity

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3 types of immunizing agents (VIA)

Vaccines, Immunoglobulins, Antisera

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5 classes of immunoglobulins (MADGE)

IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE

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Found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid; is the first antibody to be made by the body to fight a new infection (Classes of immunoglobulins)

IgM

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Found in high concentrations in the mucous membranes as well as in saliva and tears (Classes of immunoglobulins)

IgA

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Exists in small amounts in the blood; is the least understood antibody (Classes of immunoglobulins)

IgD

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Is the most abundant type of immunoglobulin; is found in all body fluids and protects against bacterial and viral infections (Classes of immunoglobulins)

IgG

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Associated mainly with allergic reactions; is found in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes (Classes of immunoglobulins)

IgE

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Refers to blood serum containing polyclonal antibodies and is used to pass on passive immunity to many diseases

Antiserum (plural: antisera)

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Is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin

Antitoxin

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Is the protective antibody against Clostridium tetani, the bacterium that causes tetanus

Tetanus antitoxin

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2 types of immunoglobulin preparations (NH, SH)

Normal human immunoglobulin, Specific human immunoglobulin

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Hepatitis A (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

Human normal immunoglobulin

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Measles (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

Human normal immunoglobulin

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Rabies (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

Human normal immunoglobulin/Antisera

Tetanus (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

Human normal immunoglobulin/Antisera

Mumps (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

Human normal immunoglobulin

Hepatitis B (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

Human specific immunoglobulin

Varicella (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

Human specific immunoglobulin

Diphtheria (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

Human specific immunoglobulin/Antisera

Gas gangrene (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

Antisera

Botulism (Human normal IG, Human specific IG, Antisera)

Antisera

Is a method of giving antigen to stimulate the immune response through active immunization

Vaccination

Is an immuno-biological substance designed to produce specific protection against a given disease

Vaccine

Made from live infectious agents without any amendment (Types of vaccines)

Live vaccines

The only example of live vaccine; made of live vaccinia cowpox virus which is not pathogenic but antigenic

Variola smallpox vaccine

Virulent pathogenic organisms have lost their capacity to induce full-blown disease but retain their immunogenicity (Types of vaccines)

Live attenuated (avirulent) vaccines

Made by killing the disease-causing microbe with chemicals, heat, or radiation (Types of vaccines)

Inactivated (killed) vaccines

Used when a bacterial toxin is the main cause of illness (Types of vaccines)

Toxoid vaccine

Prepared from extracted cellular fractions (Types of vaccines)

Polysaccharide and polypeptide vaccines

Produced through recombinant DNA technology (Types of vaccines)

Recombinant vaccines

Route of most vaccines (Route of administration)

Deep subcutaneous/Intramuscular route

Oral BCG vaccine (Route of administration)

Oral route

BCG vaccine (Route of administration)

Intradermal route

Smallpox vaccine (Route of administration)

Scarification

Live attenuated influenza vaccine (Route of administration)

Intranasal route

2 types of immunization schemes (PB)

Primary vaccination, Booster vaccination

Immunization scheme which involves one dose and multiple dose vaccines (Types of immunization schemes)

Primary vaccination

Employed to maintain immunity level after it declines after some time has elapsed (Types of immunization schemes)

Booster vaccination

Cholera vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

Short period (months)

TAB vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

2 years

DPT vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

3-5 years

BCG vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

5 or more years

Yellow fever vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

10 years

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine (MMR) (Vaccine maintenance)

Solid immunity

Is a system of storage and transport of vaccines at low temperature

Cold chain

Vaccine most sensitive to heat, requiring storage at -20°C

Polio vaccine

2 vaccines which must be stored in the freezer compartment (PM)

Polio vaccine, Measles vaccine

__________ is a rare but dangerous complication of injection of antiserum

Anaphylactic shock

__________ is characterized by symptoms such as fever, rash, edema, and joint pains occurring 7-12 days of injection of antiserum

Serum sickness

An example of neuritic manifestation in association with the swine influenza vaccine

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Highest priority agents; organisms pose a risk to national security because they can be easily dissemination or transmitted from person-person (Categories of bioterrorism agents)

Category A

Causative agent of anthrax

Bacillus anthracis

Causative agent of smallpox

Variola virus

Causative agent of plague

Yersinia pestis

Causative agent of botulism

Clostridium botulinum toxin

Causative agent of tularemia

Franciscella tularensis

2 causes of viral hemorrhagic fever (AB)

Arenaviruses, Bunyaviruses

Second priority agents; organisms that are moderately easy to disseminate that result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rate (Categories of bioterrorism agents)

Category B

Is a personalized vaccine made from an individual's own cells (either cancer cells or immune system cells) (Types of cancer vaccines)

Autologous tumor vaccines

Are made from non-self cancer cells grown in the lab (Types of cancer vaccines)

Allogenic cancer vaccines

3 types of cancer vaccines (AAA)

Autologous, Allogenic, Anti-idiotypic

2 classes of microbes targeted for vaccine production (BV)

Bacteria, Viruses

Are vaccines that are comparatively easy to prepare, extract, and formulate in comparison to viral vaccines

Bacterial vaccines

3 steps in viral vaccine production (GRP)

Generation of antigen, Release of antigen from its substrate, Purification of antigen

A vaccine that is a sterile suspension prepared from influenza viruses propagated in chicken embryos; is the primary method for preventing influenza and its more severe complications

Influenza vaccine

In __________, a recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine was licensed in the US

July 1986

4 formulations where the Hepatitis B is supplied in (PAAD)

Pediatric, Adolescent, Adult, Dialysis

The measles virus isolated in 1954 is characterized as __________

Morbilivirus paramyxoviridae

Also known as genetic vaccination; it is a vaccine where protein antigen is delivered as DNA sequence which is taken up by the host and expressed in vivo

Plasmid DNA vaccine

Causative agent of Brucellosis

Brucella sp.

Causative agent of cholera

Vibrio cholerae

Causative agent of cryptosporidosis

Cryptosporidium parvum

2 causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fever (AB)

Arenavirus, Bunyavirus

Causative agent of typhus fever

Rickettsia prowazekii

Causative agent of glanders

Burkholderia mallei

Causative agent of meliodosis

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Causative agent of Q fever

Coxiella burnetii

Source of ricin toxin

Ricinus communis