FINAL 02 - Dispersed System Flashcards
1
Q
Study of flow characteristics
A
Rheology
2
Q
System that contains substance distributed and vehicle
A
Dispersed system
3
Q
3 classification of dispersion (CFC)
A
Coarse dispersion, Fine dispersion, Colloids
4
Q
Particles usually 10-50 um in size (Classifications of dispersion)
A
Coarse dispersion
5
Q
Particle size is 0.5-10 um (Classifications of dispersion)
A
Fine dispersion
6
Q
Particles are in colloidal range (1 nm-0.5 um) (Classifications of dispersion)
A
Colloids
7
Q
A coarse dispersion of finely divided drug particles called suspensoid distributed uniformly throughout a vehicle
A
Suspension
8
Q
Mylanta, Riopan, Maalox, Gaviscon (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Antacids
9
Q
Antiminth and Mintezol (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Anthelmintics
10
Q
Chloromycetin and Ilosone (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Antibacterial (Antibiotics)
11
Q
Mandelamine, Bactrim, Septra Gantanol, and Gantrisin (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Antibacterial (Non-antibiotic anti-infectives)
12
Q
Mysoline (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Anticonvulsants
13
Q
Pepto-Bismol liquid (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Antidiarrheal
14
Q
Mylicone (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Antiflatulent
15
Q
Nystatin and Grifulvin (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Antifungals
16
Q
Aldomet (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Antihypertensive
17
Q
Vistaril and Mellaril-S (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Antipsychotics, Sedatives, Antiemetic
18
Q
Diuril (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Diuretic
19
Q
Indocin (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory
20
Q
Counteracts the effects of gastric hyperacidity (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Antacid oral suspension
21
Q
Includes preparations of antibiotic substances (Examples of oral suspensions by category)
A
Antibacterial oral suspension
22
Q
Agents that assist in the suspension of the dispersed phase
A
Suspending agents
23
Q
Increase the viscosity of water by binding water molecules; examples include acacia, tragacanth, methylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose (Types of suspending agents)
A
Hydrophilic colloids
24
Q
Silicates that are anionic in aqueous dispersion; exhibit thixotrophy; examples include bentonite, veegum, and kaolin (Types of suspending agents)
A
Clays
25
Semisolid preparation made up of small inorganic and large organic matter interpenetrated by liquid (Types of suspension)
Gels
26
Are a combination of mineral oils and heavy hydrocarbon waxes with a molecular weight of about 1300 (Types of suspension)
Jelene/Plastibase
27
Are gels in which the structural content matrix contains a high proportion of liquid, usually water (Types of suspension)
Jellies
28
Taking up a certain amount of liquid without increase in volume
Imbibition
29
Taking up of liquid by a gel with an increase in volume
Swelling
30
The dispersing medium is squeezed out in droplets and the gel shrinks
Syneresis
31
Reversible-gel-sol formation with no change in volume/temperature
Thixotrophy
32
Liquid is removed from a gel and only the framework remains
Xerogel
33
2 general classification of gels (IO)
Inorganic hydrogels, Organic gels
34
Has two phase system such as aluminum hydroxide gel and bentonite magma (Classifications of gels)
Inorganic hydrogels
35
Has a single phase system and include gelling agents such as carbomer and tragacanth (Classifications of gels)
Organic gels
36
Are gels that have ingredients that are dispersible as colloidals or soluble in water (Classifications of gels)
Hydrogels
37
Are gels that have hydrocarbons, animal and vegetable fats, soap base greases, and the hydrophilic organogels (Classifications of gels)
Organogels
38
Are liquid suspensions intended for external application (Types of suspensions)
Lotion
39
2 ways of preparing lotions (TC)
Trituration, Chemical reaction
40
Mortar used for unstainable substance
Porcelain mortar
41
Mortar used for stainable substance
Glass mortar
42
Are suspensions containing bigger particles as compared to gels and lotions (Types of suspensions)
Magmas/Milk
43
2 ways of preparing magmas (HC)
Hydration, Chemical reaction
44
An example of magma made by reacting bismuth subnitrate with nitric acid and ammonium carbonate with ammonium solution
Milk of bismuth
45
Are pressured dosage forms containing one or more active ingredients upon actuation emit a fine dispersion of liquid and/or solid materials in gaseous medium
Aerosols
46
4 factors which will render an aerosol effective (AVCP)
Amount of propellant, Valve assembly, Container, Particle size
47
Commonly used referring to the aerosol container or completed product
Pressurized package
48
Aerosols used to provide an airborne mist
Space sprays
49
Aerosols intended to carry active ingredient to a surface
Surface sprays or surface coatings
50
2 main components of aerosols (PP)
Product concentrate, Propellant
51
Is the active ingredient of the aerosol combined with the required adjuncts (Components of aerosols)
Product concentrate
52
Is a liquified gas or a mixture of liquefied gases (Components of aerosols)
Propellant
53
A fluorinated hydrocarbon that is a phased out as a propellant
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
54
Usually operate at pressures between 30-40 psig at 70°F and may contain as much as 85% propellant (Types of aerosol systems)
Space aerosols
55
Commonly contain 30-70% propellant with pressure between 25-55 psig at 70°F (Types of aerosol systems)
Surface aerosols
56
Usually operate between 35-55 pig at 70°F and may contain only 6-10% propellant (Types of aerosol systems)
Foam aerosols
57
Used to permit the expulsion of the contents of the can in the desired form
Valve assembly
58
Button which the user presses to activate the valve assembly for the emission of the product (Parts of aerosol valve)
Actuator
59
Supports the actuator and delivers the formulation in the proper form to the chamber of the actuator (Parts of aerosol valve)
Stem
60
Placed snugly with the stem, serves to prevent leakage of the formulation when the valve is in closed position (Parts of aerosol valve)
Gasket
61
Holds the gasket in place and also is the mechanism by which the actuator retracts when pressure is released (Parts of aerosol valve)
Spring
62
Attached to the aerosol can or container; serves to hold the valve in place (Parts of aerosol valve)
Mounting cup
63
Located directly below the mounting cap; serves as the link between the dip tube and the stem and actuator (Parts of aerosol valve)
Housing
64
Extended from the housing down into the product; serves to bring the formulation from the container to the valve (Parts of aerosol valve)
Dip tube
65
Inhaler where each metered dose is delivered through the mouthpiece upon actuation of the aerosol unit's valve
Metered dose inhalers (MDIs)
66
Permits a patient to spray droplets onto or under the tongue for acute relief of an attack of angina pectoris
Nitrolingual spray
67
An example of rectal aerosol that contains pramoxine hydrochloride and used to relieve inflammatory anorectal disorder
Proctofoam
68
A commercially available vaginal aerosol containing estrogenic substances and contraceptive agents
Aerosol forms
69
Meaning of emulgio
To milk out
70
A dispersion where the dispersed phase is distributed throughout a vehicle in which it is immiscible
Emulsions
71
Has oleaginous internal phase and aqueous external phase (Types of emulsions)
Oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions
72
Has aqueous internal phase and oleaginous external phase (Types of emulsions)
Water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions
73
3rd component present in emulsions
Emulsifying agent
74
Phase which contains water-soluble drug preservatives, coloring, and flavoring agents
Aqueous phase
75
Phase which contains fixed/volatile oils
Oil phase
76
Added to prevent autooxidation of the oil and rancidity or destruction of any vitamin present
Antioxidant
77
3 phases of emulsion (IEE)
Internal, External, Emulsifying agent
78
Refers to the discontinuous or dispersed phase in an emulsion (Phases of emulsion)
Internal phase
79
Refers to the continuous or dispersion medium in emulsions; occurs in larger armounts (Phases of emulsion)
External phase
80
Most stable emulsion; are isotropic mixtures of a biphasic oil-water system stabilized by surfactants (Types of emulsion)
Microemulsion
81
Theory that states that exposed surface of liquid tends to contract (Theories of emulsion)
Surface tension theory
82
Theory that states that emulsifying agents orient themselves about and within a liquid according to their solubility in that liquid (Theories of emulsion)
Oriented-wedge theory
83
Theory that states that emulsions have emulsifying agent (surrounds the droplets of the internal phase as a thin layer) and film (prevents the contact and coalescence of the dispersed phase) (Theories of emulsion)
Plastic/Internal film theory
84
Theory that states that viscosity of an emulsion aids emulsification by the mechanical hindrance to coalescence of the globules (Theories of emulsion)
Viscosity theory
85
Agent that lowers the interfacial tension and forms a film at the interphase
Emulsifying agent
86
Includes carbohydrates (acacia, tragacanth, agar, chondrus, and pectin) and proteins (gelatin, egg yolk, casein) (Types of emulsifying agent)
Natural emulsifying agent
87
Includes anionic, cationic, nonionic, finely divided solids, and high molecular weight alcohols (Types of emulsifying agent)
Synthetic emulsifying agent
88
Includes H2SO4 esters, sulfonic acid derivatives, soaps, and triethanolamine oleate (Types of synthetic emulsifying agent)
Anionic
89
Used as surface-active agents in 1% conc.; are incompatible with soaps (Types of synthetic emulsifying agent)
Cationic
90
Includes sorbitan esters (span) and polyethylene glycol 400 monostearate (Types of synthetic emulsifying agent)
Nonionic
91
Forms O/W emulsions when the insoluble material is added to the aqueous phase; includes colloidal clays (Types of synthetic emulsifying agent)
Finely divided solids
92
Are thickening and stabilizing agents for O/W emulsions; includes stearyl alcohol (Types of synthetic emulsifying agent)
High molecular weight alcohols
93
2 portions of emulsifying agents (HL)
Hydrophilic portion, Lipophilic portion
94
Value that indicates the substance polarity
Hydrophilic-lipophilic value
95
Surfactants with HLB value 3-6 produce __________ emulsions
W/O
96
Surfactants with HLB value 8-18 produce __________ emulsions
O/W
97
Method of making a mucilage (acacia + water) then adding oil slowly (Methods of preparation of emulsions)
English/Wet gum method
98
Method of adding oil to acacia then water is added all at once (Methods of preparation of emulsions)
Continental/Dry gum method
99
Variation of dry gum method for volatile oil; oleaginous substance of low viscosity (Methods of preparation of emulsions)
Forbes/Bottle method
100
Method where soap is formed (oil + aq soln with alkali) (Methods of preparation of emulsions)
Nascent soap/In situ soap method
101
Method where wet gum/dry gum method are increased in quality by passing it through a hand homogenizer (Methods of preparation of emulsions)
Auxiliary method
102
Method where the emulsifier is the product of reaction between the vegetable of higher fatty acid and lime water (Methods of preparation of emulsions)
In situ soap method
103
Soaps with w/o emulsions containing certain vegetable oil with lime water prepared by mixing oil and lime water
Calcium soaps
104
2 types of soap (CS)
Calcium soaps, Soft soaps
105
3 examples of emulsions (TLC)
Turpentine oil, Liquid petroleum, Cod liver oil
106
Emulsion which is a laxative with empty stomach (Example of emulsion)
Cod liver oil emulsion
107
Joining together of globules to form large lumps/floccules rising and settling more rapidly than the individual particles (Problems encountered in emulsion)
Flocculation
108
Rising/upward and settling/downward of globules/floccules forming a concentrated layer at the surface/to the bottom (Problems encountered in emulsion)
Creaming
109
Irreversible processes; coalescence of globules of internal phase and subsequent breaking/cracking of emulsion (Problems encountered in emulsion)
Coalescence and breaking
110
3 microorganisms that bring about decomposition and contamination (MYB)
Molds, Yeast, Bacteria
111
2 factors that affect the color and the odor of oils and destroy their vitamin content (LR)
Light, Rancidity
112
Method of adding water: W/O forms another phase, O/W homogenous (Methods in identifying emulsions)
Dilution method
113
Method that uses UV light; oil has property to absorb UV light, (+) for W/O (Methods in identifying emulsions)
Fluorescence test
114
Method that uses Amaranth green dye (water soluble dye; O/W homogenous) and Sudan red dye (oil soluble dye; W/O homogenous) (Methods in identifying emulsions)
Dye solubility test
115
Method where O/W conducts electricity (Methods in identifying emulsions)
Conductivity test
