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PH 107 - Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Systems, and Medical Devices (Lec.) > FINAL 05 - Radiopharmaceuticals > Flashcards

FINAL 05 - Radiopharmaceuticals Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Is a radioactive pharmaceutical agent that is used for diagnostic or therapeutic procedure

A

Radiopharmaceutical

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2
Q

Substances that have the same number of protons but have varying numbers of neutrons

A

Radionuclide

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3
Q

Equation that allows the clinician to predict the activity of radioactive material

A

Decay equation

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4
Q

The fundamental unit of radioactivity; defined as 3.7x10^10 nuclear transformation per second or disintegrations per second (dps)

A

Curie (Ci)

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5
Q

Radiopharmaceuticals that deliver the minimum possible radiation dose to the patient while still obtaining the required diagnostic information (Types of radiopharmaceuticals)

A

Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals

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6
Q

Radiopharmaceuticals that deliver the maximum radiation dose to the diseased organ or tumor while minimizing the radiation dose to nontarget tissues (Types of radiopharmaceuticals)

A

Therapy radiopharmaceuticals

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7
Q

A metastable nuclear isomer of technetium 99, the most commonly used medical radioisotope (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

A

Technetium-99m (99m Tc)

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8
Q

Half-life of Technetium-99m (99m Tc)

A

1 day/24 hours

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9
Q

An isotope of yttrium; used in radiation therapy to treat cancer (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

A

Yttrium-90 (90 Y)

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10
Q

Half-life of Yttrium-90 (90 Y)

A

64.1 hours

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11
Q

A diagnostic radiopharmaceutical indicated for myocardial perfusion imaging for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

A

Thallous-201 chloride (201 Tl)

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12
Q

Meaning of SPECT

A

Single-photon emission computed tomography

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13
Q

Used as a radioactive tracer to obtain images of a specific type of tissue, or disease state of tissue (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

A

Gallium-67 citrate (67 Ga)

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14
Q

An isotope of indium that is useful for isotopic labeling of blood cell components (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

A

Indium-111 chloride (111 In)

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15
Q

Half life of Indium-111 chloride (111 In)

A

2.8 days

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16
Q

Used in nuclear imaging; used for the diagnostic study of thyroid diseases (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

A

Sodium iodide-123 (123 I)

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17
Q

Half life of Sodium iodide-123 (123 I)

A

13.13 hours

18
Q

An isotope used to treat hyperthyroidism and certain thyroid cancer (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

A

Sodium iodide-131 (131 I)

19
Q

Emits beta particles and gamma rays; it localizes selectively in the bone and is used in palliation of bone cancer (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

A

Samarium-153 (153 Sm)

20
Q

This isotope is useful in calibration of gamma ray spectrometers (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

A

Holmium-166 (166 Ho)

21
Q

This synthetic isotope is bound to ocreotate and is used in targeted radionuclide therapy for neuroendocrine tumors and bone pain palliation (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

A

Lutetium-177 (177 Lu)

22
Q

2 isotopes that are used for bone palliation, endo-radiotherapy, tumor therapy (RR)

A

Rhenium-186 & Rhenium-188 (186/188 Re)

23
Q

Therapy where the absorbed dose to be delivered should be determined from uptake measurements, effective half-life of the radiopharmaceutical and the size of the thyroid

A

I-131 therapy

24
Q

Is a local intraarticular injection of radionuclides in colloidal form of radiotherapy

A

Radiosynovectomy

25
Q

A kind of care that makes a person feel better even if it does not cure the disease

A

Palliation

26
Q

Involves the IV injection of a radiopharmaceutical

A

Pain palliation

27
Q

Imaging that detects function properties of the human tissue

A

Nuclear imaging

28
Q

The distribution of the pharmaceutical is fixed over the imaging period (Types of nuclear imaging)

A

Static imaging

29
Q

The camera scans over the whole body to cover more widespread distributions or unknown locations (Types of nuclear imaging)

A

Whole body imaging

30
Q

Consecutive images are acquired over a period of time showing the changing distribution of the radiopharmaceutical in the organ of interest (Types of nuclear imaging)

A

Dynamic imaging

31
Q

Scan that reflects bone metabolism and blood flow, and allows functional analysis of bone turnover (Types of scan)

A

Bone scan

32
Q

Scan where a proportionately spread embolization of the pulmonary capillary bed yields an image reflection the lung blood perfusion (Types of scan)

A

Lung scan

33
Q

Scan that offers structural and functional information by displaying the thyroid image and calculating uptake, organ volume, etc. (Types of scan)

A

Thyroid scintigraphy/scan

34
Q

Reflects renal blood perfusion, uptake, and excretion (Types of scan)

A

Dynamic renal scintigraphy

35
Q

Meaning of PET

A

Positron emission tomography

36
Q

4 isotopes used in PET (CNOF)

A

Carbon-11, Nitrogen-13, Oxygen-15, Fluorine-18

37
Q

Is a radioactive isotope of carbon that decays to boron-1; it is used in radioactive labeling of molecules in PET (Isotopes used in PET)

A

Carbon-11

38
Q

Is a radioisotope of nitrogen used in PET, primarily to tag ammonia molecules for PET myocardial perfusion (Isotopes used in PET)

A

Nitrogen-13

39
Q

Is a radioisotope synthesized into fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for use in PET scans and used for labelling antibodies that allows for PET imaging of cancer (Isotopes used in PET)

A

Fluorine-18

40
Q

Is a radioisotope of oxygen used in PET-imaging; it is synthesized through deuteron bombardment of nitrogen-14 using a cyclotron (Isotopes used in PET)

A

Oxygen-15

41
Q

Machine that works by using a scanning device to detect positrons (subatomic particles) emitted by a radionuclide in the organ or tissue being examined

A

PET scanner

42
Q

An apparatus in which charged atomic and subatomic particles are accelerated by an alternating electric field while following an outward spiral or circular path in a magnetic field

A

Cyclotron

PH 107 - Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Systems, and Medical Devices (Lec.) (15 decks)

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