FINAL 05 - Radiopharmaceuticals

Question 1

Is a radioactive pharmaceutical agent that is used for diagnostic or therapeutic procedure

Answer 1

Radiopharmaceutical

Question 2

Substances that have the same number of protons but have varying numbers of neutrons

Answer 2

Radionuclide

Question 3

Equation that allows the clinician to predict the activity of radioactive material

Answer 3

Decay equation

Question 4

The fundamental unit of radioactivity; defined as 3.7x10^10 nuclear transformation per second or disintegrations per second (dps)

Answer 4

Curie (Ci)

Question 5

Radiopharmaceuticals that deliver the minimum possible radiation dose to the patient while still obtaining the required diagnostic information (Types of radiopharmaceuticals)

Answer 5

Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals

Question 6

Radiopharmaceuticals that deliver the maximum radiation dose to the diseased organ or tumor while minimizing the radiation dose to nontarget tissues (Types of radiopharmaceuticals)

Answer 6

Therapy radiopharmaceuticals

Question 7

A metastable nuclear isomer of technetium 99, the most commonly used medical radioisotope (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

Answer 7

Technetium-99m (99m Tc)

Question 8

Half-life of Technetium-99m (99m Tc)

Answer 8

1 day/24 hours

Question 9

An isotope of yttrium; used in radiation therapy to treat cancer (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

Answer 9

Yttrium-90 (90 Y)

Question 10

Half-life of Yttrium-90 (90 Y)

Answer 10

64.1 hours

Question 11

A diagnostic radiopharmaceutical indicated for myocardial perfusion imaging for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

Answer 11

Thallous-201 chloride (201 Tl)

Question 12

Meaning of SPECT

Answer 12

Single-photon emission computed tomography

Question 13

Used as a radioactive tracer to obtain images of a specific type of tissue, or disease state of tissue (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

Answer 13

Gallium-67 citrate (67 Ga)

Question 14

An isotope of indium that is useful for isotopic labeling of blood cell components (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

Answer 14

Indium-111 chloride (111 In)

Question 15

Half life of Indium-111 chloride (111 In)

Answer 15

2.8 days

Question 16

Used in nuclear imaging; used for the diagnostic study of thyroid diseases (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

Answer 16

Sodium iodide-123 (123 I)

Question 17

Half life of Sodium iodide-123 (123 I)

Answer 17

13.13 hours

Question 18

An isotope used to treat hyperthyroidism and certain thyroid cancer (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

Answer 18

Sodium iodide-131 (131 I)

Question 19

Emits beta particles and gamma rays; it localizes selectively in the bone and is used in palliation of bone cancer (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

Answer 19

Samarium-153 (153 Sm)

Question 20

This isotope is useful in calibration of gamma ray spectrometers (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

Answer 20

Holmium-166 (166 Ho)

Question 21

This synthetic isotope is bound to ocreotate and is used in targeted radionuclide therapy for neuroendocrine tumors and bone pain palliation (Examples of radiopharmaceutical agents)

Answer 21

Lutetium-177 (177 Lu)

Question 22

2 isotopes that are used for bone palliation, endo-radiotherapy, tumor therapy (RR)

Answer 22

Rhenium-186 & Rhenium-188 (186/188 Re)

Question 23

Therapy where the absorbed dose to be delivered should be determined from uptake measurements, effective half-life of the radiopharmaceutical and the size of the thyroid

Answer 23

I-131 therapy

Question 24

Is a local intraarticular injection of radionuclides in colloidal form of radiotherapy

Answer 24

Radiosynovectomy

Question 25

A kind of care that makes a person feel better even if it does not cure the disease

Answer 25

Palliation

Question 26

Involves the IV injection of a radiopharmaceutical

Answer 26

Pain palliation

Question 27

Imaging that detects function properties of the human tissue

Answer 27

Nuclear imaging

Question 28

The distribution of the pharmaceutical is fixed over the imaging period (Types of nuclear imaging)

Answer 28

Static imaging

Question 29

The camera scans over the whole body to cover more widespread distributions or unknown locations (Types of nuclear imaging)

Answer 29

Whole body imaging

Question 30

Consecutive images are acquired over a period of time showing the changing distribution of the radiopharmaceutical in the organ of interest (Types of nuclear imaging)

Answer 30

Dynamic imaging

Question 31

Scan that reflects bone metabolism and blood flow, and allows functional analysis of bone turnover (Types of scan)

Answer 31

Bone scan

Question 32

Scan where a proportionately spread embolization of the pulmonary capillary bed yields an image reflection the lung blood perfusion (Types of scan)

Answer 32

Lung scan

Question 33

Scan that offers structural and functional information by displaying the thyroid image and calculating uptake, organ volume, etc. (Types of scan)

Answer 33

Thyroid scintigraphy/scan

Question 34

Reflects renal blood perfusion, uptake, and excretion (Types of scan)

Answer 34

Dynamic renal scintigraphy

Question 35

Meaning of PET

Answer 35

Positron emission tomography

Question 36

4 isotopes used in PET (CNOF)

Answer 36

Carbon-11, Nitrogen-13, Oxygen-15, Fluorine-18

Question 37

Is a radioactive isotope of carbon that decays to boron-1; it is used in radioactive labeling of molecules in PET (Isotopes used in PET)

Answer 37

Carbon-11

Question 38

Is a radioisotope of nitrogen used in PET, primarily to tag ammonia molecules for PET myocardial perfusion (Isotopes used in PET)

Answer 38

Nitrogen-13

Question 39

Is a radioisotope synthesized into fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for use in PET scans and used for labelling antibodies that allows for PET imaging of cancer (Isotopes used in PET)

Answer 39

Fluorine-18

Question 40

Is a radioisotope of oxygen used in PET-imaging; it is synthesized through deuteron bombardment of nitrogen-14 using a cyclotron (Isotopes used in PET)

Answer 40

Oxygen-15

Question 41

Machine that works by using a scanning device to detect positrons (subatomic particles) emitted by a radionuclide in the organ or tissue being examined

Answer 41

PET scanner

Question 42

An apparatus in which charged atomic and subatomic particles are accelerated by an alternating electric field while following an outward spiral or circular path in a magnetic field

Answer 42

Cyclotron