MIDTERM 02 - Solid Dosage Forms Flashcards
Intimate mixtures of dry, finely divided drugs and/or chemicals used externally or internally
Powders
Mixtures that liquefy when in close and prolonged contact with one another
Eutectic mixtures
Done to obtain quantitative data on the size, distribution, and shapes of drug and other components to be used in pharmaceutical formulation
Particle size analysis
Particles are passed by mechanical shaking through a series of sieves (Method for particle size analysis)
Sieving
Is made of wire woven cloth from brass, bronze, or other suitable wire
Sieves
Particles are sized through a calibrated grid background or measuring device (Method for particle size analysis)
Microscopy
Measuring the settling velocity of particles (Stokes’ law) (Method for particle size analysis)
Sedimentation rate
Determined by the reduction in light reaching the sensor as it passes through a sensor (Method for particle size analysis)
Light energy diffraction/Light scattering
Pulsed layer is fired through an aerosolized particle spray and photographed in 3 dimensions (Method for particle size analysis)
Laser holography
Particle is driven by an airstream will hit a surface in its path; separated into various size ranges (Method for particle size analysis)
Cascade impaction
A mechanical process of reducing particle size of solids
Comminution
2 types of comminution of drugs (SL)
Small scale, Large scale
3 types of small-scale comminution of drugs (TLP)
Trituration, Levigation, Pulverization by intervention
Process of grinding a drug in a mortar and pestle to reduce its particle size (Types of small scale comminution)
Trituration
Has a non-porous, smooth surface and is used for suspensions and ointments (Types of mortar and pestle)
Glass
Used for crystalline solids (Types of mortar and pestle)
Wedgewood
Used for soft aggregates/crystalline (Types of mortar and pestle)
Porcelain
Not to be used in reactive substance (Types of mortar and pestle)
Metal
Process of separating fine particles from coarse by grinding in water (Types of small scale comminution)
Levigation
Process of reduction of particle size with the aid of a second agent that can be readily removed from the pulverized product (Types of small scale comminution)
Pulverization by intervention
Example of mill & pulverizer used for large scale comminution of drugs
FitzMill comminutor
5 ways of mixing/blending powders (TSGST)
Trituration, Spatulation, Geometric dilution, Sifting, Tumbling
Process of using a spatula on a sheet of paper/ointment tile (Ways of mixing/blending powders)
Spatulation
Used when a small amount of potent substance is mixed with a large amount of diluent (Ways of mixing/blending powders)
Geometric dilution
Process of using sifters; results in a light and fluffy product (Ways of mixing/blending powders)
Sifting
Process that involves that use of a machine/motorized equipment; is time consuming (Ways of mixing/blending powders)
Tumbling (rotating chamber)
Powders used orally and may exert local and systemic effects
Medicated powders
Powders that contain inert propellants and pharmaceutical diluents; used for asthma and other bronchial conditions
Aerosolized powders
2 types of powders (BD)
Bulk powders, Divided powders
Powders that contain non-potent substances; dispensed in bulked quantities (Types of powders)
Bulk powders
Powders that are in the form of individual dosing units; dispensed in chartulae, metal foil, small heat-sealed or resealable plastic bags (Types of powders)
Divided powders
Method used for divided powders with non-potent substances
Block and divide method
Method used for divided powders with potent substances
Geometric dilution
4 types of paper used for powders (SVGW)
Simple bond paper, Vegetable parchment, Glassine, Waxed paper
Opaque paper with no moisture-resistant property (Types of paper used for powders)
Simple bond paper
Thin, opaque, moisture-resistant paper (Types of paper used for powders)
Vegetable parchment
Glazed, transparent, moisture-resistant paper (Types of paper used for powders)
Glassine
Transparent, waterproof paper (Types of paper used for powders)
Waxed paper
Prepared agglomerates of smaller particles of powder
Granules
2 methods of preparing granules (WD)
Wet granulation method, Dry granulation method
Involves moistening the powder/powder mixture and passing the paste through a screen of mesh size to form granules (Types of wet granulation method)
Basic wet method
Particles in conical piece of equipment are dispersed and suspended (Types of wet granulation method)
Fluid bed processing
Use of roll press or roller compactor and a granulating machine (Types of dry granulation method)
Dry method/Fusion method
Compression of a powder or powder mixture under 8000-1200 pounds of pressure (Types of dry granulation method)
Slugging
Tablets formed by slugging that are flat faced and about 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter
Slugs
Granules or coarse powders containing medicinal agents composed of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, and tartaric acid
Effervescent granulated salt
2 methods of preparing effervescent granules (DW)
Dry method/Fusion method, Wet method
One molecule of water is present in each molecule of citric acid (Methods of preparing effervescent granules)
Dry method/Fusion method
Source of binding agent is water added to alcohol as the moistening agent, forming a pliable mass for granulation (Methods of preparing effervescent granules)
Wet method
A solid dosage form in which medicinal agents and/or inert substances are enclosed in a small gelatin shell
Capsules
Obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen from the skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals
Gelatin
2 types of gelatin (USP)
Gelatin A, Gelatin B
Type of gelatin obtained from acid hydrolysis
Gelatin A
Type of gelatin obtained from basic hydrolysis
Gelatin B
Are capsules referred to as “DFC” or dry filled capsule; manufactured into two sections, the capsule body and a shorter cap
Hard gelatin capsules
Excipients added in HGC to fill the capsule
Diluents
Example of diluent in HGC
Lactose
Excipients added in HGC to facilitate the flow of powder
Lubricant
Example of lubricant in HGC
Mg stearate
Excipients added to HGC to enhance drug dissolution
Wetting agent
Example of wetting agent in HGC
Li2CO3
2 methods for filling HGC
Punch method, Rolling method
Empty capsule body is held and punched vertically into the powder cake repeatedly until filled (Methods for filling HGC)
Punch method
Using the spatula, fill the capsule by drawing the powder to the capsule body until completely filled (Methods for filling HGC)
Rolling method
2 innovations to provide distinctive looking capsules (PS)
Pulvules, Spansule capsules
End of the body-producing peg is tapered while leaving the cap-making peg rounded (Innovation to provide distinctive looking capsules)
Pulvules
Capsules with the ends of both the bodies and caps highly tapered (Innovation to provide distinctive looking capsules)
Spansule capsules
3 innovations in capsule shell designs (SCC)
Snap-fit, Coni-snap, Coni-snap supro
Two halves of capsule shells positively joined through locking grooves in the shell walls (Innovation in capsule shell designs)
Snap-fit